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Major mergers of disk galaxies are thought to be a substantial driver in galaxy evolution. To trace the fraction and the rate galaxies are in mergers over cosmic times, several observational techniques, including morphological selection…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 B. W. Holwerda , N. Pirzkal , T. J. Cox , W. J. G. de Blok , J. Weniger , A. Bouchard , S. -L. Blyth , K. S. van der Heyden

Using a resimulation technique, we perform high-resolution cosmological simulations of dry mergers in a massive galaxy cluster identified in the Millennium Run. Our initial conditions include well resolved compound galaxy models consisting…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-05-12 Mateusz Ruszkowski , Volker Springel

We construct merger trees for galaxies identified in a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation and use them to characterize predicted merger rates as a function of redshift, galaxy mass, and merger mass ratio. At z=0.3, we find a mean rate…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ariyeh Maller , Neal Katz , Dusan Keres , Romeel Dave , David H. Weinberg

Strong gravitational lensing by irregular mass distributions, such as galaxy clusters, is generally not well quantified by cross sections of analytic mass models. Computationally expensive ray-tracing methods have so far been necessary for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 C. Fedeli , M. Meneghetti , M. Bartelmann , K. Dolag , L. Moscardini

Like early-type galaxies, also nearby galaxy clusters define a Fundamental Plane, a luminosity-radius, and a luminosity-velocity dispersion relations, whose physical origin is still unclear. By means of high resolution N--body simulations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 B. Lanzoni , L. Ciotti , A. Cappi , G. Tormen , G. Zamorani

We measure the number of companions per galaxy (Nc) as a function of r-band absolute magnitude for both the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Croton et al. (2006) semi-analytic catalog applied to the Millennium Run simulation. For close…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. R. Patton , J. E. Atfield

The discovery of proto-globular cluster candidates in many current-day mergers allows us to better understand the possible effects of a merger event on the globular cluster system of a galaxy, and to foresee the properties of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Markus Kissler-Patig , Duncan A. Forbes , Dante Minniti

We use the Simba cosmological galaxy formation simulation to investigate the relationship between major mergers ($\leq$ 4:1), starbursts, and galaxy quenching. Mergers are identified via sudden jumps in stellar mass $M_*$ well above that…

To investigate how the presence of baryons in simulations affects galaxy merger orbits, we compare in detail the merger timescales and orbits of the matched merger pairs in TNG100 hydrodynamical simulations and their corresponding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-12 Yahan Pu , Lan Wang , Guangquan Zeng , Lizhi Xie

We developed a new method to extract halo merger rates from the Millennium Simulation. First, by removing superfluous mergers that are artifacts of the FOF halo finder, we find a lower merger rate compared to previous work. The reductions…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-02 S. Genel , R. Genzel , N. Bouché , T. Naab , A. Sternberg

We use a large sample of $\sim 350,000$ galaxies constructed by combining the UKIDSS UDS, VIDEO/CFHT-LS, UltraVISTA/COSMOS and GAMA survey regions to probe the major merging histories of massive galaxies ($>10^{10}\ \mathrm{M}_\odot$) at…

Galaxy cluster mergers are a powerful laboratory for testing cosmological and astrophysical models. However, interpreting individual merging clusters depends crucially on their merger configuration, defined by the masses, velocities, impact…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-24 Urmila Chadayammuri , John ZuHone , Paul Nulsen , Daisuke Nagai , Sharon Felix , Felipe Andrade-Santos , Lindsay King , Helen Russell

Significant galaxy mergers throughout cosmic time play a fundamental role in theories of galaxy evolution. The widespread usage of human classifiers to visually assess whether galaxies are in merging systems remains a fundamental component…

We present a physically interpretable framework to quantify dynamical disturbances in galaxy clusters using projected two-dimensional phase-space information. Based on the TNG-Cluster simulation, we construct a disturbance score that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-18 Chuiyang Kong , Ian Dell'Antonio

Galaxy cluster mergers are representative of a wide range of physics, making them an excellent probe of the properties of dark matter and the ionized plasma of the intracluster medium. To date, most studies have focused on mergers occurring…

The co-evolution of massive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies is well-established within the hierarchical galaxy formation paradigm. Large-scale cosmological simulations are an ideal tool to study the repeated BH mergers, accretion…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-03 Stephanie Buttigieg , Debora Sijacki , Christopher J. Moore , Martin A. Bourne

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are ubiquitous in galaxies with a sizable mass. It is expected that a pair of SMBHs originally in the nuclei of two merging galaxies would form a binary and eventually coalesce via a burst of gravitational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-21 Fazeel M. Khan , Davide Fiacconi , Lucio Mayer , Peter Berczik , Andreas Just

Mergers are fundamental to our understanding of the processes driving the evolution of the structure and morphology of galaxies, star formation, AGN activity, and the redistribution of stellar mass in the Universe. Determining the fraction…

Comparing galaxies across redshifts at fixed cumulative number density is a popular way to estimate the evolution of specific galaxy populations. This method ignores scatter in mass accretion histories and galaxy-galaxy mergers, which can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-12 Peter Behroozi , Danilo Marchesini , Risa Wechsler , Adam Muzzin , Casey Papovich , Mauro Stefanon

Galaxy cluster mergers are rich sources of information to test cluster astrophysics and cosmology. However, cluster mergers produce complex projected signals that are difficult to interpret physically from individual observational probes.…

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