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There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, $G_E^p$, extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-23 D. Adikaram , D. Rimal , L. B. Weinstein , B. Raue , P. Khetarpal , R. P. Bennett , J. Arrington , W. K. Brooks , K. P. Adhikari , A. V. Afanasev , M. J. Amaryan , M. D. Anderson , J. Ball , M. Battaglieri , I. Bedlinskiy , A. S. Biselli , J. Bono , S. Boiarinov , W. J. Briscoe , V. D. Burkert , D. S. Carman , A. Celentano , S. Chandavar , G. Charles , L. Colaneri , P. L. Cole , M. Contalbrigo , A. D'Angelo , N. Dashyan , R. De Vita , E. De Sanctis , A. Deur , C. Djalali , G. E. Dodge , R. Dupre , H. Egiyan , A. El Alaoui , L. El Fassi , P. Eugenio , G. Fedotov , S. Fegan , A. Filippi , J. A. Fleming , A. Fradi , G. P. Gilfoyle , K. L. Giovanetti , F. X. Girod , J. T. Goetz , W. Gohn , E. Golovatch , R. W. Gothe , K. A. Griffioen , M. Guidal , L. Guo , K. Hafidi , H. Hakobyan , N. Harrison , M. Hattawy , K. Hicks , M. Holtrop , S. M. Hughes , C. E. Hyde , Y. Ilieva , D. G. Ireland , B. S. Ishkhanov , D. Jenkins , H. Jiang , K. Joo , S. Joosten , M. Khandaker , W. Kim , A. Klein , F. J. Klein , S. Koirala , V. Kubarovsky , S. E. Kuhn , H. Y. Lu , I . J . D. MacGregor , N. Markov , M. Mayer , B. McKinnon , M. D. Mestayer , C. A. Meyer , M. Mirazita , V. Mokeev , R. A. Montgomery , C. I. Moody , H. Moutarde , A Movsisyan , C. Munoz Camacho , P. Nadel-Turonski , S. Niccolai , G. Niculescu , M. Osipenko , A. I. Ostrovidov , K. Park , E. Pasyuk , S. Pisano , O. Pogorelko , S. Procureur , Y. Prok , D. Protopopescu , A. J. R. Puckett , M. Ripani , A. Rizzo , G. Rosner , P. Rossi , F. Sabatié , D. Schott , R. A. Schumacher , Y. G. Sharabian , A. Simonyan , I. Skorodumina , E. S. Smith , G. D. Smith , D. I. Sober , N. Sparveris , S. Stepanyan , S. Strauch , V. Sytnik , M. Taiuti , Ye Tian , A. Trivedi , M. Ungaro , H. Voskanyan , E. Voutier , N. K. Walford , D. P. Watts , X. Wei , M. H. Wood , N. Zachariou , L. Zana , J. Zhang , Z. W. Zhao , I. Zonta , The CLAS Collaboration

We evaluate the two-photon exchange correction to the unpolarized cross section in the elastic muon-proton scattering within dispersion relations. One of the six independent invariant amplitudes requires a subtraction. We fix the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-28 Oleksandr Tomalak , Marc Vanderhaeghen

We perform detailed calculations of two-photon-exchange QED corrections to the cross section of pion electroproduction. The results are obtained with and without the soft-photon approximation; analytic expressions for the radiative…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-09-25 A. Afanasev , A. Aleksejevs , S. Barkanova

We apply a subtracted dispersion relation formalism with the aim to improve predictions for the two-photon exchange corrections to elastic electron-proton scattering observables at finite momentum transfers. We study the formalism on the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-01-29 O. Tomalak , M. Vanderhaeghen

We calculate, using a generalized parton distribution based formalism, the nonlinearity of the Rosenbluth plots that arise from hard two-photon exchange corrections that are not included in the classic calculations of the radiative…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Zainul Abidin , Carl E. Carlson

We calculate two-photon exchange amplitude for the elastic electron-proton scattering in the framework of dispersion relations. The imaginary part of the amplitude is determined by unitarity. Since in the unitarity relation intermediate…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Dmitry Borisyuk , Alexander Kobushkin

The extraction of the strangeness form factors from parity violating elastic electron-proton scattering is sensitive to the electromagnetic form factors at low Q^2. We provide parameterizations for the form factors and uncertainties,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 John Arrington , Ingo Sick

We predict the differential cross sections for $e^-p$ and $e^+p$ elastic scattering in the PRad-\Rom{2} energy region. The prediction is based on form factors obtained in our previous high-precision analysis of space- and time-like data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-01 Yong-Hui Lin , Hans-Werner Hammer , Ulf-G. Meißner

Corrections of two-photon exchange to proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors are employed to study the effect of two-photon exchange on the deuteron electromagnetic form factors. Numerical results of the effect are given. It is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-07-30 Yu Bing Dong , D. Y. Chen

It is shown that the amplitude of elastic ed scattering beyond Born approximation contains six generalized form factors, but only three linearly independent combinations of them (generalized charge, quadrupole and magnetic form factors)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 A. P. Kobushkin , Ya. D. Krivenko-Emetov

Intensive theoretical and experimental efforts over the past decade have aimed at explaining the discrepancy between data for the proton electric to magnetic form factor ratio, $G_{E}/G_{M}$, obtained separately from cross section and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-04-05 M. Meziane , E. J. Brash , R. Gilman , M. K. Jones , W. Luo , L. Pentchev , C. F. Perdrisat , A. J. R. Puckett , V. Punjabi , F. R. Wesselmann , A. Ahmidouch , I. Albayrak , K. A. Aniol , J. Arrington , A. Asaturyan , O. Ates , H. Baghdasaryan , F. Benmokhtar , W. Bertozzi , L. Bimbot , P. Bosted , W. Boeglin , C. Butuceanu , P. Carter , S. Chernenko , E. Christy , M. Commisso , J. C. Cornejo , S. Covrig , S. Danagoulian , A. Daniel , A. Davidenko , D. Day , S. Dhamija , D. Dutta , R. Ent , S. Frullani , H. Fenker , E. Frlez , F. Garibaldi , D. Gaskell , S. Gilad , Y. Goncharenko , K. Hafidi , D. Hamilton , D. W. Higinbotham , W. Hinton , T. Horn , B. Hu , J. Huang , G. M. Huber , E. Jensen , H. Kang , C. Keppel , M. Khandaker , P. King , D. Kirillov , M. Kohl , V. Kravtsov , G. Kumbartzki , Y. Li , V. Mamyan , D. J. Margaziotis , P. Markowitz , A. Marsh , Y. Matulenko , J. Maxwell , G. Mbianda , D. Meekins , Y. Melnik , J. Miller , A. Mkrtchyan , H. Mkrtchyan , B. Moffit , O. Moreno , J. Mulholland , A. Narayan , Nuruzzaman , S. Nedev , E. Piasetzky , W. Pierce , N. M. Piskunov , Y. Prok , R. D. Ransome , D. S. Razin , P. E. Reimer , J. Reinhold , O. Rondon , M. Shabestari , A. Shahinyan , K. Shestermanov , S. Sirca , I. Sitnik , L. Smykov , G. Smith , L. Solovyev , P. Solvignon , R. Subedi , R. Suleiman , E. Tomasi-Gustafsson , A. Vasiliev , M. Vanderhaeghen , M. Veilleux , B. B. Wojtsekhowski , S. Wood , Z. Ye , Y. Zanevsky , X. Zhang , Y. Zhang , X. Zheng , L. Zhu

The radiative corrections to elastic electron-proton scattering are analyzed in a hadronic model including the finite size of the nucleon. For initial electron energies above 8 GeV and large scattering angles, the proton vertex correction…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-06 L. C. Maximon , J. A. Tjon

In this work, I improve on and extend to low and high $Q^2$ values the extractions of the $\varepsilon$ dependence of the real parts of the two-photon exchange (TPE) amplitudes relative to the magnetic form factor, as well as the ratio…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-05-25 I. A. Qattan

The elastic electron-proton scattering data are analysed in order to determine proton charge and magnetic rms radii, r_E and r_M. Along with the usual statistical error, we try to estimate a systematic error in the radii, caused by the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-20 Dmitry Borisyuk

The precise determination of the proton radius from recent elastic scattering electron-proton data is discussed. The necessary precision on the elastic cross section to discriminate among the values coming from atomic spectroscopy is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-12-12 Simone Pacetti , Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson

We derive from first principles, as the C-invariance of the electromagnetic interaction and the crossing symmetry, the general properties of two-photon exchange in electron-proton elastic scattering. We show that the presence of this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Michail P. Rekalo , Egle Tomasi-Gustafsson

We perform a model-independent phenomenological analysis of experimental data on proton form factors ratio. We find that only one of the two photon exchange amplitudes, which we call $\delta G_M$, is responsible for the discrepancy between…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Dmitry Borisyuk , Alexander Kobushkin

Measurements of the ratio of the elastic form factors of the proton ($\mu_pG_E/G_M$) exhibit a strong discrepancy. Experiments using unpolarized beams and Rosenbluth separation to determine the form factors have found values of the ratio…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-09-21 Brian S. Henderson

A reanalysis of unpolarized electron-proton elastic scattering data is done in terms of the electric to magnetic form factor squared ratio. This observable is in principle more robust against experimental correlations and global…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-12-07 Simone Pacetti , Egle Tomasi Gustafsson

We estimate the two-photon exchange contribution to elastic electron-proton scattering at large momentum transfer $Q^2$. It is shown that the leading two-photon exchange amplitude behaves as $1/Q^4$ relative to the one-photon amplitude, and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-02 Nikolai Kivel , Marc Vanderhaeghen