Related papers: Probability Measures and Effective Randomness
For a sequence of nonnegative random variables, we provide simple necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure that each sequence of its forward convex combinations converges in probability to the same limit. These conditions correspond to…
A scenario is outlined for quantum measurement, assuming that self-sustaining classicality is the consequence of an attractive gravitational self-interaction acting on massive bodies, and randomness arises already in the classical domain. A…
Spurious association arises from covariance between propensity for the treatment and individual risk for the outcome. For sensitivity analysis with stochastic counterfactuals we introduce a methodology to characterize uncertainty in causal…
An elementary recursive relation for M$\ddot{\mathrm{o}}$bius function $\mu (n)$ is introduced by two simple ways. With this recursive relation, $\mu (n)$ can be calculated without directly knowing the factorization of the $n$. $\mu (1)…
A statistical measure is given expressing relative occurrences of quantities within a given data set. Application of this measure on several real life physical data sets and some abstract distributions are shown to yield consistent results.…
We consider a pair of causally independent processes, modelled as the tensor product of two channels, acting on a possibly correlated input to produce random outputs X and Y. We show that, assuming the processes produce a sufficient amount…
From mostly a measure-theoretic consideration, we show that for every nonnegative, finite, and $L^{1}$ function on a given finite measure space there is some nontrivial sequence of real numbers such that the series, obtained from summing…
We prove that a real x is 1-generic if and only if every differentiable computable function has continuous derivative at x. This provides a counterpart to recent results connecting effective notions of randomness with differentiability. We…
Since human randomness production has been studied and widely used to assess executive functions (especially inhibition), many measures have been suggested to assess the degree to which a sequence is random-like. However, each of them…
This expository paper advocates an approach to physics in which ``typicality" is identified with a suitable form of algorithmic randomness. To this end various theorems from mathematics and physics are reviewed. Their original versions…
We characterize some major algorithmic randomness notions via differentiability of effective functions. (1) As the main result we show that a real number z in [0,1] is computably random if and only if each nondecreasing computable function…
We study the empirical meaning of randomness with respect to a family of probability distributions $P_\theta$, where $\theta$ is a real parameter, using algorithmic randomness theory. In the case when for a computable probability…
Quantum physics exhibits an intrinsic and private form of randomness with no classical counterpart. Any setup for quantum randomness generation involves measurements acting on quantum states. In this work, we consider the following…
We use the martingale-theoretic approach of game-theoretic probability to incorporate imprecision into the study of randomness. In particular, we define several notions of randomness associated with interval, rather than precise,…
Nonprobability (convenience) samples are increasingly sought to stabilize estimations for one or more population variables of interest that are performed using a randomized survey (reference) sample by increasing the effective sample size.…
The main goal of this note is to prove the following theorem. If $A_n$ is a sequence of measurable sets in a $\sigma$-finite measure space $(X, \mathcal{A}, \mu)$ that covers $\mu$-a.e. $x \in X$ infinitely many times, then there exists a…
Do completely unpredictable events exist in nature? Classical theory, being fully deterministic, completely excludes fundamental randomness. On the contrary, quantum theory allows for randomness within its axiomatic structure. Yet, the fact…
Identifying when observed statistics cannot be explained by any reasonable classical model is a central problem in quantum foundations. A principled and universally applicable approach to defining and identifying nonclassicality is given by…
Gathering data through measurements is at the basis of every experimental science. Ideally, measurements should be repeatable and, when extracting only coarse-grained data, they should allow the experimenter to retrieve the finer details at…
Let $\mu$ be an even Borel probability measure on ${\mathbb R}$. For every $N>n$ consider $N$ independent random vectors $\vec{X}_1,\ldots ,\vec{X}_N$ in ${\mathbb R}^n$, with independent coordinates having distribution $\mu $. We establish…