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In the same way that classical computer networks connect and enhance the capabilities of classical computers, quantum networks can combine the advantages of quantum information and communications. We propose a non-classical network element,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-21 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin , Pedro Chamorro-Posada

This study explores an approach to routing in quantum networks, which targets practical scenarios for quantum networks, mirroring real-world classical networks. By addressing practical constraints, we examine the impact of heterogeneous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Vinay Kumar , Claudio Cicconetti , Marco Conti , Andrea Passarella

Existing quantum routing implicitly mimics classical routing principles, with finding the ``best'' path (aka pathfinding), according to a selected routing metric, as a core mechanism for establishing end-to-end entanglement. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Si-Yi Chen , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti , Marcello Caleffi

We address routing of classical and quantum information over quantum network, and show how to exploit chirality to achieve nearly optimal and robust transport. In particular, we prove how continuous time chiral quantum walks over a minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Alberto Bottarelli , Massimo Frigerio , Matteo G. A. Paris

This paper considers the problem of efficiently transmitting quantum states through a network. It has been known for some time that without additional assumptions it is impossible to achieve this task perfectly in general -- indeed, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-30 Hirotada Kobayashi , François Le Gall , Harumichi Nishimura , Martin Roetteler

Quantum networks use quantum mechanics properties of entanglement and teleportation to transfer data from one node to another. Hence, it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to distribute entanglement among quantum network nodes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Dibakar Das , Shiva Kumar Malapaka , Jyotsna Bapat , Debabrata Das

Quantum communication demands efficient distribution of quantum entanglement across a network of connected partners. The search for efficient strategies for the entanglement distribution may be based on percolation theory, which describes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-23 Michael Siomau

These are exciting times for quantum physics as new quantum technologies are expected to soon transform computing at an unprecedented level. Simultaneously network science is flourishing proving an ideal mathematical and computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-13 Johannes Nokkala , Jyrki Piilo , Ginestra Bianconi

A sequential network of quantum operations is efficiently described by its quantum comb, a non-negative operator with suitable normalization constraints. Here we analyze the case of networks enjoying symmetry with respect to the action of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-04 G. Chiribella , G. M. D'Ariano , P. Perinotti

We exploit controlled breaking of time-reversal symmetry to realize coherent routing of quantum information in spin networks. The key component of our scheme is a spin triangle whose chirality is determined by the quantum state of a control…

Entanglement routing in near-term quantum networks consists of choosing the optimal sequence of short-range entanglements to combine through swapping operations to establish end-to-end entanglement between two distant nodes. Similar to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Amar Abane , Michael Cubeddu , Van Sy Mai , Abdella Battou

Optical quantum routers play a crucial role in quantum networks and have been extensively studied in both theory and experiment, leading to significant advancements in their performance. However, these routers impose stringent requirements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Yue Cai , Kang-Jie Ma , Jie Liu , Gang-Feng Guo , Lei Tan , Wu-Ming Liu

Quantum networks offer a unifying set of opportunities and challenges across exciting intellectual and technical frontiers, including for quantum computation, communication, and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. J. Kimble

Large-scale quantum networks, known as quantum internet, hold great promises for advanced distributed quantum computing and long-distance quantum communication. It is essential to have a proper theoretical analysis of the quantum network…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Kiran Adhikari , Christian Deppe

Quantum routing, the entanglement of an input quantum signal over multiple output paths, will be an important aspect of future quantum networks. Implementation of such routing in emerging quantum networks via the noisy quantum devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Wenbo Shi , Robert Malaney

Routing classical and quantum information is a fundamental task for quantum information technologies and processes. Here, we consider information encoded in the position of a quantum walker on a graph, and design an optimal structure to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Simone Cavazzoni , Giovanni Ragazzi , Paolo Bordone , Matteo G. A. Paris

Over the past 50 years, conventional network routing design has undergone substantial growth, evolving from small networks with static nodes to large systems connecting billions of devices. This progress has been achieved through the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Binayak Kar , Pankaj Kumar

With the ability to transfer and process quantum information, large-scale quantum networks will enable a suite of fundamentally new applications, from quantum communications to distributed sensing, metrology, and computing. This perspective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Maximilian Ruf , Noel H. Wan , Hyeongrak Choi , Dirk Englund , Ronald Hanson

Efficient communication between qubits relies on robust networks which allow for fast and coherent transfer of quantum information. It seems natural to harvest the remarkable properties of systems characterized by topological invariants to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-23 Nicolai Lang , Hans Peter Büchler

Quantum communication is a growing area of research, with quantum internet being one of the most promising applications. Studying the statistical properties of this network is essential to understanding its connectivity and the efficiency…