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Motivated by understanding the emergence of thermodynamic restoring forces and oscillations, we develop a quantum-mechanical model of a bath of spins coupled to the elasticity of a material. We show our model reproduces the behavior of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-10 Chiao-Hsuan Wang , Jacob M. Taylor

We consider a situation where an $N$-level system (NLS) is coupled to a heat bath without being necessarily thermalized. For this situation we derive general Jarzinski-type equations and conclude that heat and entropy is flowing from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Heinz-Jürgen Schmidt , Jürgen Schnack , Jochen Gemmer

Single-qubit thermometry presents the simplest tool to measure the temperature of thermal baths with reduced invasivity. At thermal equilibrium, the temperature uncertainty is linked to the heat capacity of the qubit, however the best…

Quantum superposition, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, enables systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously, giving rise to probabilistic outcomes. In quantum information science, conditional entropy has become a key metric for…

General Physics · Physics 2024-10-21 Daegene Song

For open quantum systems coupled to a thermal bath at inverse temperature $\beta$, it is well known that under the Born-, Markov-, and secular approximations the system density matrix will approach the thermal Gibbs state with the bath…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-15 Gernot Schaller

Established heat engines in quantum regime can be modeled with various quantum systems as working substances. For example, in the non-relativistic case, we can model the heat engine using infinite potential well as a working substance to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Pritam Chattopadhyay , Goutam Paul

We show that the maximum extractable work (ergotropy) from a quantum many-body system is constrained by local athermality of an initial state and local entropy decrease brought about by quantum operations. The obtained universal upper bound…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Akihiro Hokkyo , Masahito Ueda

The status of heat and work in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is quite confusing and non-unique at present with conflicting interpretations even after a long history of the first law in terms of exchange heat and work, and is far from…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-06-05 P. D. Gujrati

Fluctuation theorems are relations constraining the out-of-equilibrium fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities like the entropy production that were initially introduced for classical or quantum systems in contact with a thermal bath. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-27 Sreenath K. Manikandan , Cyril Elouard , Andrew N. Jordan

Similarity between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics is discussed. It is found that if the Clausius equality is imposed on the Shannon entropy and the analogue of the heat quantity, then the value of the Shannon entropy comes to formally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-20 Sumiyoshi Abe , Shinji Okuyama

We consider a quantum harmonic oscillator linearly coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators and evaluate the degree of entanglement between system and bath using the negativity as an exact entanglement measure. We establish the existence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-12 Stefanie Hilt , Eric Lutz

The phenomenon of universality is one of the most striking in many-body physics. Despite having sometimes wildly different microscopic constituents, systems can nonetheless behave in precisely the same way, with only the variable names…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-09-15 William Berdanier

In this article we argue that thermal reservoirs (baths) are potentially useful resources in processes involving atoms interacting with quantized electromagnetic fields and their applications to quantum technologies. One may try to suppress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-11 Gershon Kurizki , Ephraim Shahmoon , Analia Zwick

Non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is essential to describe new devices that operate far from the regime where the usual thermodynamical laws are obeyed. When quantum fluctuations dominate, defining and measuring work and heat, two…

Work extraction from the Gibbs ensemble by a cyclic operation is impossible, as represented by the second law of thermodynamics. On the other hand, the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) states that just a single energy eigenstate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-04-03 Kazuya Kaneko , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

We study the energy exchange between two bosonic systems that interact via bilinear transformations in the mode operators. The first mode is considered as the thermodynamic system, while the second is regarded as the bath. This work finds…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Chiara Macchiavello , Alberto Riccardi , Massimiliano F. Sacchi

We discuss the possibility of extracting energy from a single thermal bath using microcanonical Szil\'ard engines operating in finite time. This extends previous works on the topic which are restricted to the quasistatic regime. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-12-27 Thiago V. Acconcia , Marcus V. S. Bonança

The third law of thermodynamics has a controversial past and a number of formulations due to Planck, Einstein, and Nernst. It's most accepted version, the unattainability principle, states that "any thermodynamic process cannot reach the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 Lluis Masanes , Jonathan Oppenheim

We design a heat engine with multi-heat-reservoir, ancillary system and quantum memory. We then derive an inequality related with the second law of thermodynamics, and give a new limitation about the work gain from the engine by analyzing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-09 Li-Hang Ren , Heng Fan

The description of spontaneous symmetry breaking that underlies the connection between classically ordered objects in the thermodynamic limit and their individual quantum mechanical building blocks is one of the cornerstones of modern…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-04-29 Jasper van Wezel