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Even if Einstein's General Relativity achieved a great success and overcame lots of experimental tests, it also showed some shortcomings and flaws which today advise theorists to ask if it is the definitive theory of gravity. In this essay…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-21 Christian Corda

Following some strong argumentations of differential geometry in the Landau's book, some corrections about errors in the old literature on scalar gravitational waves (SGWs) are given and discussed. In the analysis of the response ofi…

General Physics · Physics 2014-01-14 Christian Corda

This paper discusses the gauge issue touching the gravitational waves induced at the second order by the scalar modes of cosmological perturbations. These waves are known to depend on the gauge used for their calculation. In this paper, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-27 Vincent Comeau

We present an explicitly gauge-invariant observable of {\em any} general gravitational perturbation, $h_{\mu\nu}$ (\textit{not} necessarily due to gravitational waves (GWs)), in a laser interferometry-based GW detector, identifying the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-04 Vincent S. H. Lee , Kathryn M. Zurek

We hereby propose an alternative and additional angle on the nature of gravitational waves (GWs), postulating the theoretical and experimental possibility that GWs carry a deformation of the time component of spacetime, other than the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-06 Stefano Bondani , Sergio Luigi Cacciatori

This document presents a ray-optics analysis of the response of a two-element radio interferometer to the presence of a plane gravitational wave. A general expression for the differential phase observed between the two receiving stations as…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Kipp Cannon

The detection of gravitational waves based on the geodesic deviation equation is discussed. In particular, it is shown that the only non-vanishing components of the wave field in the conventional traceless-transverse gauge in linearized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Leclerc

Recently some papers in the literature have shown the presence and importance of the so-called {}"magnetic" components of gravitational waves (GWs), which have to be taken into account in the context of the total response functions of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-25 Christian Corda

The inspiral range is the most common metric for characterizing the performance of ground-based gravitational-wave interferometers. However, there is no clear formalism for working with frequency-dependent inspiral range quantities. We…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-12 Derek Davis , Elenna Capote

This chapter is concerned with the question: how do gravitational waves (GWs) interact with their detectors? It is intended to be a theory review of the fundamental concepts involved in interferometric and acoustic (Weber bar) GW antennas.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-21 J. Alberto Lobo

Next-generation gravitational wave (GW) experiments will explore higher frequency ranges, where GW wavelengths approach the size of the detector itself. In this regime, GWs may be detected not just through the well-known mechanical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-01 Lars Fischer , Tom Krokotsch , Gudrid Moortgat-Pick

The gauge problem arises in the second order gravitational waves due to the mode mixing. Here, we introduce the transverse-traceless (TT) gauge to cosmological backgrounds, and find that if we choose the TT gauge at first order, the second…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-01 Yadong Xue , Zhoujian Cao

We investigate the gauge invariance of the second order gravitational waves induced by the first order scalar perturbations by following the Lie derivative method. It is shown explicitly that the second order gravitational waves are gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-30 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu

In linearized gravity with distributed matter, the background metric has no generic symmetries, and decomposition of the metric perturbation into global normal modes is generally impractical. This complicates the identification of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-17 Deepen Garg , I. Y. Dodin

Detecting gravitational wave bursts (characterised by short durations and poorly modelled waveforms) requires to have coincidences between several interferometric detectors in order to reject non-stationary noise events. As the wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Nicolas Arnaud , Matteo Barsuglia , Marie-Anne Bizouard , Philippe Canitrot , Fabien Cavalier , Michel Davier , Patrice Hello , Thierry Pradier

The energy spectrum of gravitational waves (GWs), which depicts the energy of GWs per unit volume of space per logarithmic frequency interval normalized to the critical density of the Universe, is a widely used way for quantifying the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-15 Rong-Gen Cai , Xing-Yu Yang , Long Zhao

We study the possibility of using matter wave interferometry techniques to build a gravitational wave detector. We derive the response function and find that it contains a term proportional to the derivative of the gravitational wave, a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Stefano Foffa , Alice Gasparini , Michele Papucci , Riccardo Sturani

Gravitational wave observations offer unique opportunities to probe gravity in the strong and dynamical regime, which was difficult to access previously. We here review two theory-agnostic ways to carry out tests of general relativity with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-19 Zack Carson , Kent Yagi

Even though the energy carried by a gravitational wave is not itself gauge invariant, the interaction with a gravitational antenna of the gravitational wave which carries that energy is. It therefore has to be possible to make some…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Philip D. Mannheim

Gravitational wave detectors are typically described as responding to gravitational wave metric perturbations, which are gauge-dependent and --- correspondingly --- unphysical quantities. This is particularly true for ground-based…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 Michael J. Koop , Lee Samuel Finn