Related papers: On Shadow of the Moon in Extensive Air Shower Data

Indications for the new unitarity regime in the extensive air showers measurements

We note that the new unitarity regime when scattering amplitude goes beyond the black disc limit (antishadowing) could help in the explanation of the regularities such as knee in the energy spectrum, existence of penetrating and long-flying…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. M. Troshin , N. E. Tyurin

On the possibility of radar echo detection of ultra-high energy cosmic ray- and neutrino-induced extensive air showers

We revisit and extend the analysis supporting a 60 year-old suggestion that cosmic rays air showers resulting from primary particles with energies above 10^{18} eV should be straightforward to detect with radar ranging techniques, where the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2011-05-23 Peter. W. Gorham

Dangerous dust clouds above lunar surface

Time-limited space missions may miss rare occurrences of very dense clouds of lunar dust. At the same time, the information provided by the Earth-based monitoring of the Moon during at least the last three centuries still remains unused. In…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Oleksiy V. Arkhypov , Maxim L. Khodachenko

Ancient eclipses and long-term drifts in the Earth - Moon system

We investigate the anomalies in the Earth - Moon system using ancient eclipse data. We identify nine groups of anomalous eclipses between 400 and 1800 AD recorded in parts of India that should have completely missed the subcontinent as per…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-08-01 M. N. Vahia , Saurabh Singh , Amit Seta , B. V. Subbarayappa

Estimation of Lateral Distribution Function in Extensive Air Showers by Using AIRES Simulation System

In this work the estimation of the lateral distribution function in Extensive Air showers was performed by using a system for air shower simulations which is called AIRES version 2.6 for different hadronic models like (QGSJET99, SIBYLL and…

General Physics · Physics 2013-09-16 A. Ahmed Al-Rubaiee , Ahmed Jumaah

Investigating double bump air showers with the SKA-Low

Double-bump showers are a rare class of extensive air showers (EAS) predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. They occur when a high-energy secondary particle, the leading particle, travels significantly farther than the rest, creating a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-16 V. De Henau , S. Bouma , J. Bray , S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , M. Desmet , E. Dickinson , L. van Dongen , B. Hare , H. He , J. R. Hörandel , T. Huege , C. W. James , M. Jetti , P. Laub , H. -J. Mathes , K. Mulrey , A. Nelles , O. Scholten , C. Sterpka , S. ter Veen , K. Terveer , P. Turekova , T. N. G. Trinh , S. Saha , S. Sharma , R. Spencer , D. Veberič , K. Watanabe , M. Waterson , C. Zhang , P. Zhang , Y. Zhang

Theory and simulations of air shower radio emission

A precise understanding of the radio emission from extensive air showers is of fundamental importance for the design of cosmic ray radio detectors as well as the analysis and interpretation of their data. In recent years, tremendous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 T. Huege

The East-West method: an exposure-independent method to search for large scale anisotropies of cosmic rays

The measurement of large scale anisotropies in cosmic ray arrival directions at energies above 10^13 eV is performed through the detection of Extensive Air Showers produced by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. The observed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-31 R. Bonino , V. V. Alekseenko , O. Deligny , P. L. Ghia , M. Grigat , A. Letessier-Selvon , H. Lyberis , S. Mollerach , S. Over , E. Roulet

Muon lateral distribution function of extensive air showers: results of the Sydney University Giant Air-shower Recorder versus modern Monte-Carlo simulations

The Sydney University Giant Air-shower Recorder (SUGAR) measured the muon component of extensive air showers with a unique array of muon detectors. The SUGAR data allow us to reconstruct the empirical dependence of muon density on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-18 N. N. Kalmykov , I. S. Karpikov , G. I. Rubtsov , S. V. Troitsky

Simulation of Radiation Energy Release in Air Showers

A simulation study of the energy released by extensive air showers in the form of MHz radiation is performed using the CoREAS simulation code. We develop an efficient method to extract this radiation energy from air-shower simulations. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-20 Christian Glaser , Martin Erdmann , Jörg R. Hörandel , Tim Huege , Johannes Schulz

Lunar eclipse induces disturbance in the lunar exosphere

Given the renewed scientific interest in lunar exploration missions, complete understanding of lunar near surface environment and its exosphere under different conditions is of paramount importance. Lunar exosphere has been extensively…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-28 Anil Raghav , Ankush Bhaskar , Virendra Yadav , Nitinkumar Bijewar , Chintamani Pai , Vaibhav Rawoot

Energy calibration of LHAASO-KM2A using the cosmic ray Moon shadow

We present a precise measurement of the westward, rigidity-dependent shift of the Moon's shadow using three and a half years of cosmic-ray data collected by the Kilometer Square Array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-08 Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , J. Blunier , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , Y. Y. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. K. Chen , L. F. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , X. P. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Q. Y. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , A. J. Dong , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , K. J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , R. P. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , X. L. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , A. Inventar , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Y. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , I. O. Maliy , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. Mizuno , G. B. Mou , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , Z. W. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , D. Y. Peng , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , D. Qu , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Savchenko , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , J. X. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , D. H. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. F. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , H. D. Xing , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , B. N. Xu , C. Y. Xu , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , S. S. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , S. Y. Zhang , W. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , T. C. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo , Faisal Akram

Aperture correction for Beamforming in radiometric detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

For high-energy cosmic-ray physics, it is imperative to determine the mass and energy of the cosmic ray that initiated the air shower in the atmosphere. This information can be extracted from the longitudinal profile of the air shower. In…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 O. Scholten , T. N. G. Trinh , S. Buitink , A. Corstanje , B. M. Hare , T. Huege , B. V. Jhansi , K. Mulrey , A. Nelles , H. Schoorlemmer , S. Thoudam , P. Turekova , K. de Vries

Seasonal Variations of Extensive Air Showers with Energies from 10**17 to 10**18 eV

The seasonal variations of extensive air showers (EAS) registered at the Yakutsk EAS array are considered. The dependence of variations on the atmospheric pressure is significantly expressed. The dependence on an air temperature is not…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. S. Nikiforova

Features of radio-detected Extensive Air Shower with CODALEMA

Some performances of the present CODALEMA experiment, set up to analyse radio-detected Extensive Air Shower (EAS) events, are presented. Characteristics of the EAS electric field distribution sampled on a 600~m long axis are discussed.

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 D. Ardouin , A. Belletoile , D. Charrier , R. Dallier , L. Denis , P. Eschstruth , T. Gousset , F. Haddad , P. Lautridou , A. Lecacheux , D. Monnier-Ragaigne , O. Ravel

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of the Air-Fluorescence Technique in Determining the EAS Shower Maximum

We review all existing air-fluorescence measurements of the elongation rate of extensive air showers (slope of mean EAS shower maximum (Xmax) vs log of shower energy E) above 1017 eV. We find remarkable agreement for all current and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-08 P. Sokolsky , R. D'Avignon

A detailed comparison of REAS3 and MGMR simulations for radio emission from EAS

In the last years, several models and simulations calculating the radio emission from cosmic ray air showers have been developed. However, a number of those made conflicting predictions on the pulse shapes and the amplitudes of the radio…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-02-16 Marianne Ludwig , Tim Huege , Olaf Scholten , Krijn D. de Vries

A Search for Fine Structure of the Knee in EAS Size Spectra

28 size spectra of extensive air showers from 7 different experiments are analysed consistently. They are fitted by adjusting either 4 or 5 parameters: knee position, power law exponents above and below the knee, overall intensity and, in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. Schatz

Full Monte-Carlo description of the Moscow State University Extensive Air Shower experiment

The Moscow State University Extensive Air Shower (EAS-MSU) array studied high-energy cosmic rays with primary energies ~(1-500) PeV in the Northern hemisphere. The EAS-MSU data are being revisited following recently found indications to an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-31 Yu. A. Fomin , N. N. Kalmykov , I. S. Karpikov , G. V. Kulikov , M. Yu. Kuznetsov , G. I. Rubtsov , V. P. Sulakov , S. V. Troitsky

Investigation of the arrivals directions differences for consecutive Extensive Air Showers using the data taken by TEL goniometer under GELATICA network

The distribution of the angle between the arrival directions of the fronts of consecutive Extensive Air Showers(EAS) with a wide range of a total number of charged particles is studied using the experimental data taken by the EAS 4-detector…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-11 Yuri Verbetsky , Manana Svanidze , Abesalom Iashvili , Ia Iashvili , Levan Kakabadze , Nino Jonjoladze