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Phase shifting interferometric (PSI) techniques are among the most sensitive phase measurement methods. Owing to its high sensitivity, any minute phase change caused due to environmental instability results into, inaccurate phase…
Flux calibration of spectra in reverberation mapping (RM) is most often performed by assuming the flux constancy of some specified narrow emission lines, which stem from an extended region that is sometimes partially spatially resolved, in…
We simulate scattering delays from the interstellar medium to examine the effectiveness of three estimators in recovering these delays in pulsar timing data. Two of these estimators use the more traditional process of fitting…
Precision phase readout of optical beat note signals is one of the core techniques required for intersatellite laser interferometry. Future space based gravitational wave detectors like eLISA require such a readout over a wide range of MHz…
Time-dependent and systematic variations in band gain and central frequencies of instruments used to study the Cosmic Microwave Background are important factors in the data-to-map analysis pipeline. If not properly characterized, they could…
We present a compact atomic clock interrogating ultracold 87Rb magnetically trapped on an atom chip. Very long coherence times sustained by spin self-rephasing allow us to interrogate the atomic transition with 85% contrast at 5 s Ramsey…
Blazars present highly variable $\gamma$-ray emission. This variability, which can range from a few minutes to several years, is also observed at other wavelengths across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We make use of the first 12…
This article explains phase noise, jitter, and some slower phenomena in digital integrated circuits, focusing on high-demanding, noise-critical applications. We introduce the concept of phase type and time type phase noise. The rules for…
Ensemble data assimilation is a problem in determining the most likely phase space trajectory of a model of an observed dynamical sys- tem as it receives inputs from measurements passing information to the model. Using methods developed in…
We calculate analytically the phase boundary for a nonequilibrium phase transition in a one-dimensional array of coupled, overdamped parametric harmonic oscillators in the limit of strong and weak spatial coupling. Our results show that the…
Synchronization of transceiver chains is a major challenge in the practical realization of massive MIMO and especially distributed massive MIMO. While frequency synchronization is comparatively easy to achieve, estimating the carrier phase…
Atmospheric turbulence and aero-optic effects cause phase aberrations in propagating light waves, thereby reducing effectiveness in transmitting and receiving coherent light from an aircraft. Existing optical sensors can measure the…
A new generation of observational science instruments is dramatically increasing collected data volumes in a range of fields. These instruments include the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), terrestrial…
Alkaline-earth like atoms with ultra-narrow optical transitions enable superradiance in steady state. The emitted light promises to have an unprecedented stability with a linewidth as narrow as a few millihertz. In order to evaluate the…
Slow feature analysis (SFA) is a method for extracting slowly varying driving forces from quickly varying nonstationary time series. We show here that it is possible for SFA to detect a component which is even slower than the driving force…
This paper deals with the calibration of the analogue chains of a Square Kilometre Array (SKA) phased aperture array station, using embedded element patterns (one per antenna in the array, thus accounting for the full effects of mutual…
Radiation detectors deployed as part of a large urban network or for homeland security monitoring must maintain reliable energy calibration even when subjected to substantial variations in temperature and ambient background radiation.…
Symmetry-breaking phase transitions are central to our understanding of states of matter. When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken, new excitations appear that are tied to fluctuations of the order parameter. In superconductors…
We have obtained the first continuous disk averaged spectrum of Mars from 450 to 1550 Ghz using the Herschel-SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer. The spectrum was obtained at a constant resolution of 1.4 GHz across the whole band. The flux…
There exist several methods developed for the canonical change point problem of detecting multiple mean shifts, which search for changes over sections of the data at multiple scales. In such methods, estimation of the noise level is often…