Related papers: BL Lac Contribution to the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray…
The imprint of cosmic backgrounds in the gamma ray spectra of blazars has recently been detected by H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT, opening the way to studies of gamma-ray propagation on cosmological scales. This proceeding discusses the current…
Very high-energy gamma-rays (VHE, E>100 GeV) propagating over cosmological distances can interact with the low-energy photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce electron-positron pairs. The transparency of the universe…
Very high-energy gamma-ray measurements of distant blazars can be well explained by secondary gamma rays emitted by cascades induced by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The secondary gamma rays will enable one to detect a large number of…
Very high energy (VHE) $\gamma$-rays above 10$'$s of GeV energy, emitted from distant blazars, are attenuated by photons from the extragalactic background light (EBL). Unfortunately, neither the EBL nor the intrinsic blazar spectrum is…
Since 2002, the number of detected blazars at E_\gamma > 100 GeV has more than doubled. I study all currently known BL Lac-type objects with published energy spectra. Their intrinsic energy spectra are reconstructed by removing…
Measurements of the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB) are complicated by a strong Galactic foreground. Estimates of the EGRB flux and spectrum, obtained by modeling the Galactic emission, have produced a variety of…
With their rapid, violent variability and broad featureless continuum emission, blazars have puzzled astronomers for over two decades. Today blazars represent the only extragalactic objects detected in high-energy gamma-rays. Their spectral…
Ground-based observatories have been collecting 0.2 - 20 TeV gamma rays from blazars for about twenty years. These gamma rays can experience absorption along the line of sight due to interactions with the extragalactic background light…
We consider the ensemble of very-high-energy gamma-ray sources observed at distances and energies where a significant absorption of gamma rays is expected due to pair production on the extragalactic background light (EBL). Previous studies…
We review extragalactic $\gamma$-ray propagation models with emphasis on the electromagnetic (EM) cascade process in the magnetized expanding Universe. We consider cascades initiated by primary protons of ultra-high energy accelerated by…
The expected opacity of the intergalactic space limits the mean free path of TeV gamma rays to dozens of Megaparsecs. However, TeV photons from numerous more distant sources have been detected. This might be interpreted, in each particular…
Gamma-ray emission in active galaxies is likely produced within the inner jet, or in the close vicinity of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at sub-parsec distances. Gamma rays have to pass through the surrounding massive stellar cluster…
The origin of the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGRB) is still an open question, even after nearly forty years of its discovery. The emission could originate from either truly diffuse processes or from unresolved point sources.…
With the arrival of powerful, ground-based gamma-ray detectors, we can now begin to seriously probe, via simultaneous X-ray/TeV observations, the origin of the gamma-ray emission in the blazars Mrk 421 and 501. If the synchrotron-Compton…
Context. Measurements of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) are a fundamental source of information on the collective emission of cosmic sources. Aims. At infrared wavelengths, however, these measurements are precluded by the…
Recent high energy gamma-ray observations (E>100 MeV) of blazar AGN show emission spectra with no clear upper energy cutoff. AGN, considered to be possible sources for the highest energy cosmic rays, may have emission extending well into…
Secondary {\gamma}-rays from intergalactic cascades may contribute to observable spectra of blazars, also modifying observable angular and temporal distributions. In this paper we briefly review basic features of intergalactic…
A comprehensive statistical analysis of the broadband properties of EGRET blazars is presented. This analysis includes sources identified as blazars in the Sowards-Emmerd publications. Using this sample of 122 sources, we find that there is…
Context: Very-high-energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) {\gamma}-ray emission from blazars inevitably gives rise to electron-positron pair production through the interaction of these {\gamma}-rays with the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL). Depending…
In current theoretical models of the blazar subclass of active galaxies, the broadband emission consists of two components: a low-frequency synchrotron component with a peak in the IR to X-ray band, and a high-frequency inverse Compton…