Related papers: Suggestions on photons and fermions
The problem studied is formulated in the title: proper mass variation under gravitational and Coulomb force action in Relativistic Mechanics of point particle. The novelty is that equations of motion are obtained in the relativistic…
The visible Universe is largely characterised by a single mass-scale; namely, the proton mass, $m_p$. Contemporary theory suggests that $m_p$ emerges as a consequence of gluon self-interactions, which are a defining characteristic of…
Spin-1 was ruled out early in LHC reports of a new particle with mass near 125 GeV. Actually the spin-1 possibility was dismissed on false premises, and remains open. Model-independent classification based on Lorentz invariance permits…
This paper revisits the quantum mechanics for one photon from the modern viewpoint and by the geometrical method. Especially, besides the ordinary (rectangular) momentum representation, we provide an explicit derivation for the other two…
All known elementary vector particles, the photon, Z, W and the gluons, are described by the gauge theory. They belong to the real representation (1/2,1/2) of the Lorentz group. On the other hand inequivalent representations (1,0) and (0,1)…
The effects of a nonzero photon rest mass can be incorporated into electromagnetism in a simple way using the Proca equations. In this vein, two interesting implications regarding the possible existence of a massive photon in nature, i.e.,…
Photons as well as quarks and gluons are constituents of the infinite momentum frame (IMF) wave function of an energetic particle. They are mostly equivalent photons whose amplitude follows from the Lorentz transformation of the particle…
We associate intrinsic energy equal to $h\nu/2$ with the spin angular momentum of photon and propose a topological model based on orbifold in space and tifold in time as topological obstructions. The model is substantiated using vector…
Powerful general arguments allow only a few families of long-range interactions, exemplified by gauge field theories of electromagnetism and gravity. However, all of these arguments presuppose that massless fields have zero spin scale…
We examine the one-dimensional motion of two similarly charged particles under the influence of only two forces, i.e. their Coulombic repulsion and their gravitational attraction, using the relativistic equation of motion. We find that when…
We show that non-zero masses for a spin-1 graviton (called graviphoton) leads to considerable gravitomagnetic fields around rotating mass densities, which are not observed. The solution to the problem is found by an equivalent graviphoton…
In this manuscript we show that the geometrical localization mechanism implies a four dimensional mass for the photon. The consistence of the model provides a mass given exactly by $m_{\gamma}=\sqrt{R}/4$ where $R$ is the Ricci scalar. As a…
The coupled system of Boltzman equations for the interacting system of electrons, positrons and photons in high external electric, E, and arbitrary magnetic, H, fields is solved. The consideration is made under the conditions of arbitrary…
The magnetic field due to the photon rest mass $m_{ph}$ modifies the standard results of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for electrons, and of other recent quantum effects. For the effect involving a coherent superposition of beams of particles…
A classical circularly polarized electromagnetic wave carries angular momentum, and represents the classical limit of a photon, which carries quantized spin. It is shown that a very similar picture of a circularly polarized coherent wave…
In this work, a constant and uniform magnetic field is less than the Schwinger critical value. In turn, an additional constant and uniform electric field is taken much smaller than the magnetic field value. The propagation of a photon in…
In this work we experimentally demonstrate the quantum interference of force effect using pairs of entangled photons. Although photons are massless particles, they have linear momentum, and our experiments show that the quantum…
A particle $\phi$ coupling to two photons couples also to charged particles, like protons, through a loop. If the particle is a light scalar this induced coupling to protons leads to non-newtonian forces. We show that the experimental…
The quantum field theory of gravitation is constructed in terms of Lagrangian density of Dirac fields which couple to the electromagnetic field $A_\mu$ as well as the gravitational field $\cal G$. The gravity appears in the mass term as $…
Previous results from the authors concerning the arising a tiny photon anomalous paramagnetic moment $\mu_{\gamma}$ due to its interaction with a magnetized virtual electron-positron background are complemented and discussed. It is argued…