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We discuss relativistic dynamics in a random electromagnetic field which can be considered as a high temperature limit of the quantum electromagnetic field in a heat bath (cavity) moving with a uniform velocity w. We derive diffusion…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Z. Haba

The use of statistical methods to model gravitational systems is crucial to physics practice, but the extent to which thermodynamics and statistical mechanics genuinely apply to these systems is a contentious issue. This paper provides new…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Lorenzo Lorenzetti

In relativistic kinetic theory, which underlies relativistic hydrodynamics, the molecular chaos hypothesis stands at the basis of the equilibrium Maxwell-Juttner probability distribution for the four-momentum $p^{\alpha}$. We investigate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Aliano , L. Rondoni , G. P. Morriss

In this communication, the derivation of the Boltzmann-Gibbs and the Maxwellian distributions is presented from a geometrical point of view under the hypothesis of equiprobability. It is shown that both distributions can be obtained by…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2010-01-20 Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz , Jaime Sanudo , Xavier Calbet

The mathematical properties associated with the widely accepted concept of the extensivity of many of the common thermodynamic variables are examined and some of their consequences considered. The possible conflict between some of these and…

General Physics · Physics 2007-06-28 J. Dunning-Davies

Lack of knowledge about the detailed many-particle motion on the microscopic scale is a key issue in any theoretical description of a macroscopic experiment. For systems at or close to thermal equilibrium, statistical mechanics provides a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-03 Peter Reimann

Nonequilibrium thermodynamics has shown its applicability in a wide variety of different situations pertaining to fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. As successful as it is, however, its current formulation…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 J. M. G. Vilar , J. M. Rubi

In this paper we simulate a two dimensional relativistic ideal gas by implementing a relativistic elastic binary collision algorithm. We show that the relativistic gas faithfully obeys J\"uttner's speed distribution function. Furthermore,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-10-10 Constantin Rasinariu

Gibbs and Boltzmann definitions of temperature agree only in the macroscopic limit. The ambiguity in identifying the equilibrium temperature of a finite sized `small' system exchanging energy with a bath is usually understood as a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-03-09 Purushottam D. Dixit

We discuss metric perturbations of the relativistic diffusion equation around the homogeneous Juttner equilibrium of massless particles in a homogeneous expanding universe. The metric perturbation describes matter distribution and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-27 Z. Haba

Self-gravitating system are non-equilibrium a priory. A new approach is proposed, which employs a non-equilibrium statistical operator into account inhomogeneous distribution of particles and temperature. The method involves the saddle -…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-12 B. I. Lev

A new approach based on a statistical operator is presented, which allows to take into account the inhomogeneous particle distribution induced by gravitational interaction. This method uses the saddle point procedure to find the dominant…

General Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 B. I. Lev

The mean-field thermodynamic limit is studied for a class of isolated Newtonian N-body systems whose Hamiltonian admits several invariants of motion. It is shown that the macrostates of individual members of a statistical equilibrium…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael K. -H. Kiessling

From the perspective of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, modeling the velocity distribution of particles in non-equilibrium, steady-state plasmas presents a significant challenge. Under this context, a family of kappa distributions…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Abiam Tamburrini , Sergio Davis , Pablo S. Moya

The density of states of self-gravitational system diverges when the particles are spread to infinity. Other problem based an inhomogeneous distribution of particles,which motivate the gravitational interaction. In this sense the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-15 B. I. Lev

We show how statistical thermodynamics can be formulated in situations in which thermodynamics applies, while equilibrium statistical mechanics does not. A typical case is, in the words of Landau and Lifshitz, that of partial (or…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-04-16 A. Carati , A. Maiocchi , L. Galgani

We extend on ideas from standard thermodynamics to show that temperature can be assigned to a general nonequilibrium quantum system. By choosing a physically motivated complete set of observables and expanding the system state thereupon,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 S. Alipour , F. Benatti , M. Afsary , F. Bakhshinezhad , M. Ramezani , T. Ala-Nissila , A. T. Rezakhani

To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system we introduce a new thermodynamic parameter - the lifetime of a system. The statistical distributions which can be obtained out of the mesoscopic description characterizing the behaviour of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. V. Ryazanov , S. G. Shpyrko

We examine numerically and analytically the problem of the relativistic velocity distribution in a 1-dim relativistic gas in thermal equilibrium. Our derivation is based on the special theory of relativity, the central limit theorem and the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-01-25 Evaldo M. F. Curado , Felipe T. L. Germani , Ivano Damiao Soares

The temperature of a physical system is operationally defined in physics as "that quantity which is measured by a thermometer" weakly coupled to, and at equilibrium with the system. This definition is unique only at global equilibrium in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-08 Daochi Zhang , Xiao Zheng , Massimiliano Di Ventra