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We study the problem of multi-bit watermarking for large language models (LLMs). We introduce a block-autoregressive model inspired by multi-token prediction, in which the encoder has limited non-causal access to token distributions within…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sidong Guo , Tyler Kann , Teodora Baluta , Matthieu R. Bloch

We consider a public multi-user information embedding (watermarking) system in which two messages (watermarks) are independently embedded into two correlated covertexts and are transmitted through a multiple-access attack channel. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-09 Yangfan Zhong , Yadong Wang , Fady Alajaji , Tamas Linder

We study multi-bit watermarking for data generated by stochastic processes, where a hidden message is embedded during sampling and must be decodable by an authorized detector that possesses side information unavailable to unauthorized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Zhuoer Shen , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

When information is to be transmitted over an unknown, possibly unreliable channel, an erasure option at the decoder is desirable. Using constant-composition random codes, we propose a generalization of Csiszar and Korner's Maximum Mutual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Pierre Moulin

Digital watermarking technology has a wide range of applications in video distribution and copyright protection due to its excellent invisibility and convenient traceability. This paper proposes a robust blind watermarking algorithm using…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Qinwei Chang , Leichao Huang , Shaoteng Liu , Hualuo Liu , Tianshu Yang , Yexin Wang

Watermarking is a tool for actively identifying and attributing the images generated by latent diffusion models. Existing methods face the dilemma of image quality and watermark robustness. Watermarks with superior image quality usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zheling Meng , Bo Peng , Jing Dong

Ethical concerns surrounding copyright protection and inappropriate content generation pose challenges for the practical implementation of diffusion models. One effective solution involves watermarking the generated images. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zijin Yang , Kai Zeng , Kejiang Chen , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Equalizer parameter optimization is critical for signal integrity in high-speed memory systems operating at multi-gigabit data rates. However, existing methods suffer from computationally expensive eye diagram evaluation, optimization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Muhammad Usama , Dong Eui Chang

In the watermark detection scenario, also known as zero-bit watermarking, a watermark, carrying no hidden message, is inserted in content. The watermark detector checks for the presence of this particular weak signal in content. The article…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Teddy Furon

Active techniques have been introduced to give better detectability performance for cyber-attack diagnosis in cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this paper, switching multiplicative watermarking is considered, whereby we propose an optimal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alexander J. Gallo , Sribalaji C. Anand , André M. H. Teixeira , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari

Watermarking is one of the most important copyright protection tools for digital media. The most challenging type of watermarking is the imperceptible one, which embeds identifying information in the data while retaining the latter's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Natan Semyonov , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz

Euclidean embeddings of data are fundamentally limited in their ability to capture latent semantic structures, which need not conform to Euclidean spatial assumptions. Here we consider an alternative, which embeds data as discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Charlie Frogner , Farzaneh Mirzazadeh , Justin Solomon

Capacity-achieving signaling strategies for the Gaussian wiretap MIMO channel are investigated without the degradedness assumption. In addition to known solutions, a number of new rank-deficient solutions for the optimal transmit covariance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Sergey Loyka , Charalambos D. Charalambous

We introduce the zero-sum game problem of soft watermarking: The hidden information (watermark) comes from a continuum and has a perceptual value; the receiver generates an estimate of the embedded watermark to minimize the expected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Kivanc Mihcak , Emrah Akyol , Tamer Basar , Cedric Langbort

As Generative AI continues to become more accessible, the case for robust detection of generated images in order to combat misinformation is stronger than ever. Invisible watermarking methods act as identifiers of generated content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dongjun Hwang , Sungwon Woo , Tom Gao , Raymond Luo , Sunghwan Baek

We propose a Bayesian approach, called the posterior spectral embedding, for estimating the latent positions in random dot product graphs, and prove its optimality. Unlike the classical spectral-based adjacency/Laplacian spectral embedding,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-04-30 Fangzheng Xie , Yanxun Xu

Watermarking is an operation of embedding an information into an image in a way that allows to identify ownership of the image despite applying some distortions on it. In this paper, we presented a novel end-to-end solution for embedding…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Marcin Plata , Piotr Syga

In cases in which an original image is blind, a decoding method where both the image and the messages can be estimated simultaneously is desirable. We propose a spread spectrum watermarking model with image restoration based on Bayes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-28 Masaki Kawamura , Kao Hayashi , Tatsuya Uezu , Masato Okada

We propose adversarial embedding, a new steganography and watermarking technique that embeds secret information within images. The key idea of our method is to use deep neural networks for image classification and adversarial attacks to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

We propose a new strategy for best-arm identification with fixed confidence of Gaussian variables with bounded means and unit variance. This strategy, called Exploration-Biased Sampling, is not only asymptotically optimal: it is to the best…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Antoine Barrier , Aurélien Garivier , Tomáš Kocák