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We generalise structure tree theory, which is based on removing finitely many edges, to removing finitely many vertices. This gives a significant generalization of Tutte's tree decomposition of 2-connected graphs into 3-connected blocks.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-05 M. J. Dunwoody , B. Krön

Tree trace reconstruction aims to learn the binary node labels of a tree, given independent samples of the tree passed through an appropriately defined deletion channel. In recent work, Davies, R\'acz, and Rashtchian used combinatorial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Tatiana Brailovskaya , Miklós Z. Rácz

Traditional Quartet Puzzling algorithms use maximum likelihood methods to reconstruct quartet trees, and a puzzling algorithm to combine these quartets into a tree for the full collection of $n$ taxa. We propose a variation of Quartet…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-10-31 Joe Rusinko , Brian Hipp

There are two well-known ways to enumerate the positive rational numbers in an infinite binary tree: the Farey/Stern-Brocot tree and the Calkin-Wilf tree. In this brief note, we describe these two trees as `transpose shadows' of a tree of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-24 Katherine E. Stange

In this talk I first briefly review how far we have come in answering old questions about the most fundamental building blocks of matter. I begin with things we know, which is the Standard Model, and then talk about things we can guess,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Christof Schmidhuber

Let $G$ be a graph and $T_1,T_2$ be two spanning trees of $G$. We say that $T_1$ can be transformed into $T_2$ via an edge flip if there exist two edges $e \in T_1$ and $f$ in $T_2$ such that $T_2= (T_1 \setminus e) \cup f$. Since spanning…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Nicolas Bousquet , Takehiro Ito , Yusuke Kobayashi , Haruka Mizuta , Paul Ouvrard , Akira Suzuki , Kunihiro Wasa

Packing graphs is a combinatorial problem where several given graphs are being mapped into a common host graph such that every edge is used at most once. In the planar tree packing problem we are given two trees T1 and T2 on n vertices and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-03-28 Markus Geyer , Michael Hoffmann , Michael Kaufmann , Vincent Kusters , Csaba D. Tóth

Copulas are a powerful tool for modeling multivariate distributions as they allow to separately estimate the univariate marginal distributions and the joint dependency structure. However, known parametric copulas offer limited flexibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-11 Tim Janke , Mohamed Ghanmi , Florian Steinke

One of humanity's earliest mathematical inquiries might have involved the geometric patterns in plants. The arrangement of leaves on a branch, seeds in a sunflower, and spines on a cactus exhibit repeated spirals, which appear with an…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2021-01-11 Hyun-Woo Lee , Leonid Levitov

Measuring the complexity of tree structures can be beneficial in areas that use tree data structures for storage, communication, and processing purposes. This complexity can then be used to compress tree data structures to their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Amirmohammad Farzaneh , Mihai-Alin Badiu , Justin P. Coon

A classical result, fundamental to evolutionary biology, states that an edge-weighted tree $T$ with leaf set $X$, positive edge weights, and no vertices of degree 2 can be uniquely reconstructed from the set of leaf-to-leaf distances…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-07-15 A. W. M. Dress , K. T. Huber , M. Steel

Roberston and Seymour introduced tangles of order $k$ as objects representing highly connected parts of a graph and showed that every graph admits a tree-decomposition of adhesion $<k$ in which each tangle of order $k$ is contained in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-06 Joshua Erde

A perfect forest is a spanning forest of a connected graph $G$, all of whose components are induced subgraphs of $G$ and such that all vertices have odd degree in the forest. A perfect forest generalised a perfect matching since, in a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-16 Yair Caro , Josef Lauri , Christina Zarb

In mathematical phylogenetics, the time-consistent galled trees provide a simple class of rooted binary network structures that can be used to represent a variety of different biological phenomena. We study the enumerative combinatorics of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Lily Agranat-Tamir , Michael Fuchs , Bernhard Gittenberger , Noah A. Rosenberg

A gluing of two rooted trees is an identification of their leaves and un-subdivision of the resulting 2-valent vertices. A gluing of two rooted trees is subdivergence free if it has no 2-edge cuts with both roots on the same side of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Xinle Dai , Jordan Long , Karen Yeats

Given natural limitations on the length DNA sequences, designing phylogenetic reconstruction methods which are reliable under limited information is a crucial endeavor. There have been two approaches to this problem: reconstructing partial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-12-10 Radu Mihaescu , Cameron Hill , Satish Rao

We analyse the statistical properties of genealogical trees in a neutral model of a closed population with sexual reproduction and non-overlapping generations. By reconstructing the genealogy of an individual from the population evolution,…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Bernard Derrida , Susanna C. Manrubia , Damian H. Zanette

Inspired by the seminal result that a graph and an associated rotation system uniquely determine the topology of a closed manifold, we propose a combinatorial method for reconstruction of surfaces from points. Our method constructs a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ruiqi Cui , Emil Toftegaard Gæde , Eva Rotenberg , Leif Kobbelt , J. Andreas Bærentzen

An evolutionary tree is a cascade of bifurcations starting from a single common root, generating a growing set of daughter species as time goes by. Species here is a general denomination for biological species, spoken languages or any other…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2013-08-26 Paulo Murilo Castro de Oliveira

The Gallai graph $\Gamma(G)$ of a graph $G$ has the edges of $G$ as its vertices and two distinct vertices $e$ and $f$ of $\Gamma(G)$ are adjacent in $\Gamma(G)$ if the edges $e$ and $f$ of $G$ are adjacent in $G$ but do not span a triangle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-12 Felix Joos , Van Bang Le , Dieter Rautenbach