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We investigate the possibility of introducing the temperature to the one dimensional Sznajd model and propose a natural extension of the original model by including other types of interactions. We characterise different kinds of equilibria…
When the difference between changes in energy and entropy at a given temperature is correlated with the ratio between the same changes in energy and entropy at zero average free energy of an ensemble of similar but distinct molecule-sized…
Black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons. Here we calculate the entropy corresponding to the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole for…
A first principle derivation is given of the neutrino damping rate in real-time thermal field theory. Starting from the discontinuity of the neutrino self energy at the two loop level, the damping rate can be expressed as integrals over…
The quantum coherence of electrons can be probed by studying weak localization corrections to the conductivity. Interaction effects lead to dephasing, with electron-electron interactions being the important intrinsic mechanism. A…
Although Boltzmann's definition of entropy, and, hence, the existence of negative temperatures, are widely accepted, we will show scenarios which apparently at a first glance are inconsistent with our normal notion of thermodynamics. This…
We discuss certain specific features of the calculation of the critical temperature of a dilute repulsive Bose gas. Interactions modify the critical temperature in two different ways. First, for gases in traps, temperature shifts are…
Local temperature defined by a local canonical state of the respective subsystem, does not always exist in quantum many body systems. Here, we give some examples of how this breakdown of the temperature concept on small length scales might…
Many thermodynamic relations involve inequalities, with equality if a process does not involve dissipation. In this article we provide equalities in which the dissipative contribution is shown to involve the relative entropy (a.k.a.…
The concept of negative absolute temperature, introduced by Ramsey based on the study of a nuclear spin system by Purcell and Pound in 1951, has been subject to continued debate. According to a recent analysis by Struchtrup, the apparent…
In the framework of density functional theory a new formulation of electronegativity that recovers the Mulliken definition is proposed and its reliability is checked by computing electronegativity values for a large number of elements. It…
Simulations are performed of a small quantum system interacting with a quantum environment. The system consists of various initial states of two harmonic oscillators coupled to give normal modes. The environment is "designed" by its level…
Thermodynamics, the branch of physics concerned with the description of macroscopic bodies, heat exchange and the conversion of different forms of energy is based on four laws: the zeroth law, which states that bodies in thermal contact…
Fluctuation theorems are fundamental results in non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Considering the fluctuation theorem with respect to the entropy production and an observable, we derive a new thermodynamic uncertainty relation which also…
In traditional thermodynamics, temperature is a local quantity: a subsystem of a large thermal system is in a thermal state at the same temperature as the original system. For strongly interacting systems, however, the locality of…
We consider the non-relativistic Hartree model in the gravitational case, i.e. with attractive Coulomb-Newton interaction. For a given mass, we construct stationary states with non-zero temperature by minimizing the corresponding free…
Quantum fluctuations of matter fields contribute to the thermal entropy of black holes. For free minimally-coupled scalar and spinor fields, this contribution is precisely the entanglement entropy. For gauge fields, Kabat found an extra…
In some scenarios for the early universe, non-relativistic thermal dark matter chemically decouples from the thermal environment once the temperature drops well below the dark matter mass. The value at which the energy density freezes out…
In classical thermodynamics, irreversible processes are accomplished with an increase of entropy and a release of heat into the environment. In the case of black hole thermodynamics, instead, the increase of entropy is related with the…
A fluctuation relation for aging systems is introduced, and verified by extensive numerical simulations. It is based on the hypothesis of partial equilibration over phase space regions in a scenario of entropy-driven relaxation. The…