Physics
Objectives: We captured a fine-grained dataset of organic socializing with socially meaningful group labels to fill a gap in the study of face-to-face interaction. Prior interaction data from conferences, classrooms, hospitals, and…
We analyze the effect of microscopic heterogeneity on the Lorenz curve of macroscopic observables. Lorenz curve of a response function being a cumulative and bounded quantity, is often a more stable function than the corresponding…
The most irreplaceable capability of HST in the 2030s is not only its angular resolution or its UV--optical sensitivity, but its accumulated time baseline. We recommend a Hubble Local Group Astrometric Legacy that would obtain matched 2030s…
Current observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that star-forming galaxies produce enough ionizing (LyC; $\lambda < 91.2$ nm) photons to drive cosmic reionization, but the efficiency with which these photons escape…
Standard EU energy system modelling approaches optimize for least-cost, leading to highly centralized systems, in conflict with political feasibility and physical security concerns. This paper incorporates decentralisation as a constraint…
Understanding pedestrian dynamics is critical for mitigating crowd-related risks and improving public safety. In this work, we propose a data-driven mesoscopic modeling framework that combines the kinetic theory of active particles with…
Identifying subgroups of respondents in psychometric data is traditionally addressed with Latent Class Analysis, which requires the number of classes to be specified a priori and can perform poorly when strong inter-item correlations…
The spaceflight environment presents unique physicochemical conditions, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, altered fluid transport, and confined engineered habitats, which influence biological systems and biomolecular assembly…
Although electric vehicles (EVs) are scaling rapidly, city-scale evidence on real-world operational energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from EVs remains limited. Using Shanghai as a case study, this study develops a bottom-up…
Multigraphs are graphs in which multiple links between pairs of nodes are allowed, whereas they are forbidden in simple graphs, the latter being widely used in network science. Simple graphs generated by the configuration model have served…
This paper tests whether Kolmogorov--Arnold Networks (KAN 2.0) are genuinely more noise-robust than Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and XGBoost for stellar classification (star/galaxy/quasar, 100,000 SDSS DR17 objects). A naive comparison…
We investigate conditional diffusion modeling for three-dimensional 21 cm lightcone emulation, focusing on cubes with a sky-plane size of $64\times64$ and a line-of-sight depth up to 1024 cells. Relative to earlier 2D studies, the 3D…
Massive stars play a fundamental role in shaping the evolution of galaxies through feedback, chemical enrichment, and their end products as neutron stars and black holes. Despite major progress in the last decade, key uncertainties remain…
In the era of large-scale photometric surveys, scalable and robust methods for classifying supernova (SN) populations are increasingly necessary. Often, spectroscopy is essential in addition to photometry to reliably classify SNe; however,…
We report a comparison of two state-of-the-art agentic AI systems, Claude Code (Anthropic) and Codex (OpenAI), tasked with autonomously executing a simple end-to-end gravitational wave data analysis pipeline on a shared computing…
Radio arrays provide a scalable route to detecting extensive air showers from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, but trigger studies for candidate layouts are expensive when every energy, arrival direction, core position and trigger…
Context. Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations based on the $\Lambda$-Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model predict that $\sim$40% of the baryons in the local Universe are missing. These missing baryons are predicted to lie in low-density…
Among spectroscopic techniques, Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful, but it is limited by small FoVs, complex designs, and high costs. We hereby present ROSSINI: the ROtational Slitless…
The recent, super-exponential scaling of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents signals a broader, fundamental paradigm shift from machines primarily replacing the human hands (manual labor and mechanical processing) to machines…
The artificial intelligence industry is not an isolated economic phenomenon; it is the current physical substrate for a broader, multi-billion-year process: the evolution of an abstract intelligence on Earth. As the scale of computation…