Physics
The most irreplaceable capability of HST in the 2030s is not only its angular resolution or its UV--optical sensitivity, but its accumulated time baseline. We recommend a Hubble Local Group Astrometric Legacy that would obtain matched 2030s…
Current observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that star-forming galaxies produce enough ionizing (LyC; $\lambda < 91.2$ nm) photons to drive cosmic reionization, but the efficiency with which these photons escape…
We present a comprehensive benchmarking dataset and empirical scaling law analysis for neural network wavefunctions by matching them to a wide spectrum of famous many body target wavefunctions. The dataset, WF-Bench, spans multiple distinct…
The spaceflight environment presents unique physicochemical conditions, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, altered fluid transport, and confined engineered habitats, which influence biological systems and biomolecular assembly…
This paper tests whether Kolmogorov--Arnold Networks (KAN 2.0) are genuinely more noise-robust than Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and XGBoost for stellar classification (star/galaxy/quasar, 100,000 SDSS DR17 objects). A naive comparison…
We investigate conditional diffusion modeling for three-dimensional 21 cm lightcone emulation, focusing on cubes with a sky-plane size of $64\times64$ and a line-of-sight depth up to 1024 cells. Relative to earlier 2D studies, the 3D…
Massive stars play a fundamental role in shaping the evolution of galaxies through feedback, chemical enrichment, and their end products as neutron stars and black holes. Despite major progress in the last decade, key uncertainties remain…
In the era of large-scale photometric surveys, scalable and robust methods for classifying supernova (SN) populations are increasingly necessary. Often, spectroscopy is essential in addition to photometry to reliably classify SNe; however,…
We report a comparison of two state-of-the-art agentic AI systems, Claude Code (Anthropic) and Codex (OpenAI), tasked with autonomously executing a simple end-to-end gravitational wave data analysis pipeline on a shared computing…
Radio arrays provide a scalable route to detecting extensive air showers from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, but trigger studies for candidate layouts are expensive when every energy, arrival direction, core position and trigger…
Context. Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations based on the $\Lambda$-Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model predict that $\sim$40% of the baryons in the local Universe are missing. These missing baryons are predicted to lie in low-density…
We present MARUT, a scalable multi-GPU computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework designed for high-fidelity simulations of compressible flows spanning subsonic to hypersonic regimes, including chemically reacting nonequilibrium flows…
Among spectroscopic techniques, Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful, but it is limited by small FoVs, complex designs, and high costs. We hereby present ROSSINI: the ROtational Slitless…
This paper presents a deep learning strategy to simultaneously solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and back-calculate their parameters in the context of deep tunnel excavation. A Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) model is…
The GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) formalism is a well-established approach for calculating excitation energies and optical spectra of molecules, nanostructures, and crystalline materials. We implement GW-BSE in the CP2K code and…
Given the urgency to reduce fossil fuel energy production to make climate tipping points less likely, we call for resource-aware knowledge gain in the research areas on Universe and Matter with emphasis on the digital transformation. A…
We introduce an evidence-driven Bayesian formulation of physics-informed neural networks that enables automatic optimization of loss weights between PDE residuals, boundary conditions, and observational data. Unlike existing Bayesian PINN…
The chemical and mass evolution of exoplanet atmospheres is shaped by their specific X-ray through ultraviolet (5 - 3200 Angstroms) irradiance history. X-ray and EUV (5 - 911 Angstroms) radiation largely contributes to atmospheric heating…
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) can be wound into no-insulation (NI) coils, in which electrical current can partially bypass local normal zones via turn-to-turn contact layers (T2TCLs). Accurate…
A central open question in gravitational-wave detector characterization is whether the O4a observing run has introduced glitch morphologies not present in earlier runs. We present gravi-signal-ml, an open-source pipeline for unsupervised…