Physics
The most irreplaceable capability of HST in the 2030s is not only its angular resolution or its UV--optical sensitivity, but its accumulated time baseline. We recommend a Hubble Local Group Astrometric Legacy that would obtain matched 2030s…
Perovskite-based solar cells have undergone rapid improvements over the last decade enabling highest power conversion efficiencies of single-junction and multi-junction devices. The implementation of nano- or micro-textures has played a…
Current observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) suggest that star-forming galaxies produce enough ionizing (LyC; $\lambda < 91.2$ nm) photons to drive cosmic reionization, but the efficiency with which these photons escape…
Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)-based magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) is a promising platform for neuromorphic and in-memory computing owing to its non-volatility, high endurance, fast switching dynamics and CMOS compatibility. However,…
The Wiedemann-Franz law couples electrical and thermal conductivity, making high electrical conduction with low thermal conduction a major challenge. To overcome this, we designed an active thermal metasurface (ATMS) - based thermal…
The spaceflight environment presents unique physicochemical conditions, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, altered fluid transport, and confined engineered habitats, which influence biological systems and biomolecular assembly…
Unidirectional wave propagation has emerged as a key concept in the dynamics of non-reciprocal mechanical and acoustic metamaterials. This work investigates two fundamentally distinct strategies for achieving directional wave propagation in…
This paper tests whether Kolmogorov--Arnold Networks (KAN 2.0) are genuinely more noise-robust than Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and XGBoost for stellar classification (star/galaxy/quasar, 100,000 SDSS DR17 objects). A naive comparison…
We investigate conditional diffusion modeling for three-dimensional 21 cm lightcone emulation, focusing on cubes with a sky-plane size of $64\times64$ and a line-of-sight depth up to 1024 cells. Relative to earlier 2D studies, the 3D…
Massive stars play a fundamental role in shaping the evolution of galaxies through feedback, chemical enrichment, and their end products as neutron stars and black holes. Despite major progress in the last decade, key uncertainties remain…
In the era of large-scale photometric surveys, scalable and robust methods for classifying supernova (SN) populations are increasingly necessary. Often, spectroscopy is essential in addition to photometry to reliably classify SNe; however,…
We report a comparison of two state-of-the-art agentic AI systems, Claude Code (Anthropic) and Codex (OpenAI), tasked with autonomously executing a simple end-to-end gravitational wave data analysis pipeline on a shared computing…
Additively manufactured (AM) alloys have heterogeneous microstructures with broad grain size distributions and highly anisotropic and/or non-convex grain shapes. AM components can have complex geometries and porosity which may affect the…
Radio arrays provide a scalable route to detecting extensive air showers from ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, but trigger studies for candidate layouts are expensive when every energy, arrival direction, core position and trigger…
Context. Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations based on the $\Lambda$-Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model predict that $\sim$40% of the baryons in the local Universe are missing. These missing baryons are predicted to lie in low-density…
Among spectroscopic techniques, Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) is regarded as one of the most versatile and powerful, but it is limited by small FoVs, complex designs, and high costs. We hereby present ROSSINI: the ROtational Slitless…
Reconfigurable radio-frequency front ends in modern radar and wireless systems require delay elements that simultaneously offer low-loss, low noise, compact form factor, and wideband frequency agility. However, electromagnetic, acoustic,…
We present a theoretical evaluation of radiation dose constraints for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray microscopy. Our work particularly addresses the long-standing concern regarding strong absorption of EUV radiation in biological…
The chemical and mass evolution of exoplanet atmospheres is shaped by their specific X-ray through ultraviolet (5 - 3200 Angstroms) irradiance history. X-ray and EUV (5 - 911 Angstroms) radiation largely contributes to atmospheric heating…
A central open question in gravitational-wave detector characterization is whether the O4a observing run has introduced glitch morphologies not present in earlier runs. We present gravi-signal-ml, an open-source pipeline for unsupervised…