Tissues and Organs
Melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of cancer. The five-year survival rate is 98% if it is detected early. However, this rate plummets to 63% for regional disease and 17% when tumors have metastasized, that is, spread to distant…
Pancreatic islets are functional units involved in glucose homeostasis. The multicellular system comprises three main cell types; $\beta$ and $\alpha$ cells reciprocally decrease and increase blood glucose by producing insulin and glucagon…
Simple ideas, endowed from the mathematical theory of control, are used in order to analyze in general grounds the human immune system. The general principles are minimization of the pathogen load and economy of resources. They should…
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. It is characterized by a slow growth and it can be diagnosed in an early stage by observing the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). However, a relapse after the primary therapy could…
Aim: To assess the relationship between oral health and asthma. Methods: Data from 1,315 overweight or obese individuals, aged 40-65 years was used. Asthma was self-reported, while periodontitis, bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index…
The increase of surface electromyography (sEMG) root-mean-square (RMS) is very frequently used to determine fatigue. However, as RMS is also influenced by muscle force,its effective usage as indicator of fatigue is mainly limited to…
Several biological tissues undergo changes in their geometry and in their bulk material properties by modelling and remodelling processes. Modelling synthesises tissue in some regions and removes tissue in others. Remodelling overwrites old…
We propose a multiscale mechanobiological model of bone remodelling to investigate the site-specific evolution of bone volume fraction across the midshaft of a femur. The model includes hormonal regulation and biochemical coupling of bone…
We investigate intercellular insulin dynamics in an array of diffusively coupled pancreatic islet \b{eta}-cells. The cells are connected via gap junction coupling, where nearest neighbor interactions are included. Through the multiple scale…
We report unexpected evidence of critical fluctuations of the electric potential of the heart during atrial fibrillation in humans. Scale invariance and long range correlations are found, which we show cannot be accounted for solely with…
There is an ongoing debate on the therapeutic potential of vaso-modulatory interventions against glioma invasion. Prominent vasculature-targeting therapies involve functional tumour-associated blood vessel deterioration and normalisation.…
Several studies suggest that one possible cause of impaired wound healing is failed or insufficient lymphangiogenesis, that is the formation of new lymphatic capillaries. Although many mathematical models have been developed to describe the…
The hormone auxin is actively transported throughout plants via protein machineries including the dedicated transporter known as PIN. The associated transport is ordered with nearby cells driving auxin flux in similar directions. Here we…
I provide a simple estimation for the number of macrophages in a tissue, arising from the hypothesis that they should keep infections below a certain threshold, above which neutrophils are recruited from blood circulation. The estimation…
The spontaneous emergence of contraction-inducing electrical activity in the uterus at the beginning of labor remains poorly understood, partly due to the seemingly contradictory observation that isolated uterine cells are not spontaneously…
The down regulation of CD3 protein present on the surface of a T-cell triggers the process of activation. A rapid decrease of CD3 from the surface is required to reach the threshold that is necessary for the continuation of the activation…
Cardiac muscle tissue during relaxation is commonly modelled as a hyperelastic material with strongly nonlinear and anisotropic stress response. Adapting the behavior of such a model to experimental or patient data gives rise to a parameter…
There is experimental and histological evidence that chronic irritation and cell death may cause hyperplasia in the exposed tissue. As the heterogeneous deposition of inhaled radon progeny results in high local doses at the peak of the…
While chemoresistance in primary tumors is well-studied, much less is known about the influence of systemic chemotherapy on the development of drug resistance at metastatic sites. In this work, we use a hybrid spatial model of tumor…
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones in response to chemical signals secreted by, for example, a wound or a tumour. In this paper, we propose a mesoscopic lattice-based model of angiogenesis, in which…