Tissues and Organs
Aim The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of cyclosporine (CsA) in renal transplant recipients are patient- and time-dependent. Knowledge of this time-related variability is necessary to maintain or achieve CsA target exposure. Here, we aimed…
We propose a new model to describe diffusion processes within active deformable media. Our general theoretical framework is based on physical and mathematical considerations, and it suggests to use diffusion tensors directly coupled to…
A common developmental process, called branching morphogenesis, generates the epithelial trees in a variety of organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and glands. How branching morphogenesis can create epithelial architectures of very…
Covid-19 is particularly mild with children, and its severity escalates with age. Several theories have been proposed to explain these facts. In particular, it was proposed that the lower expression of the viral receptor ACE2 in children…
Tumour spheroids have the potential to be used as preclinical chemosensitivity assays. However, the production of three dimensional (3D) tumour spheroids remains challenging as not all tumour cell lines form spheroids with regular…
Current clinical decision-making in oncology relies on averages of large patient populations to both assess tumor status and treatment outcomes. However, cancers exhibit an inherent evolving heterogeneity that requires an individual…
The long-term efficacy of targeted therapeutics for cancer treatment can be significantly limited by the type of therapy and development of drug resistance, inter alia. Experimental studies indicate that the factors enhancing acquisition of…
Continuum bone remodelling is an important tool for predicting the effects of mechanical stimuli on bone density evolution. While the modelling of only cancellous bone is considered in many studies based on continuum bone remodelling, this…
Multicellular tissues are the building blocks of many biological systems and organs. These tissues are not static, but dynamically change over time. Even if the overall structure remains the same there is a turnover of cells within the…
In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture little attention has been paid to the manipulation of feeding frequency at the on-growing phase. The effects of different feeding frequencies: one meal per day, two meals per day, three meals per…
Aging is driven by subcellular processes that are relatively well-understood. However the qualitative mechanisms and quantitative dynamics of how these micro-level failures cascade to a macro-level catastrophe in a tissue or organs remain…
Immunotherapy has the potential to change the way all cancer types are treated and cured. Cancer immunotherapies use elements of the patient immune system to attack tumor cells. One of the most successful types of immunotherapy is CAR-T…
The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic (PK) processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Although each single process has been systematically…
How epithelial cells coordinate their polarity to form functional tissues is an open question in cell biology. Here, we characterize a unique type of polarity found in liver tissue, nematic cell polarity, which is different from vectorial…
The traditional view is that low shear stress of blood flow accelerates atherosclerosis. How does a low shear stress damage the vessel or aggravate atherosclerosis? It is a puzzling question. Furthermore, shear stress of veins is similar to…
Cells and tissues exhibit oscillatory deformations during remodelling, migration or embryogenesis. Although it has been shown that these oscillations correlate with cell biochemical signalling, it is yet unclear the role of these…
Image-based computational models of the heart represent a powerful tool to shed new light on the mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological conditions in cardiac function and to improve diagnosis and therapy planning. However, in…
While tooth root resorption is a normal physiological process required for resorption and exfoliation of primary teeth, root resorption of adult teeth is largely pathological. This perspective focuses on multiple idiopathic cervical root…
In this study we reproduced this compression-induced reduction in muscle force through the use of a three-dimensional finite element model of contracting muscle. The model used the principle of minimum total energy and allowed for the…
Regulating the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a potential strategy for osteoarthritis (OA) therapy, although delivering this effect in a spatially and temporally localised fashion remains a challenge. Here, we report an…