Geophysics
The reliable discrimination of tectonic earthquakes from anthropogenic quarry blasts and transient noise remains a critical challenge in single station seismic monitoring. In this study, we introduce a novel Physics Informed Convolutional…
On Boxing Day, 1838, Jacobi found a solution to the problem of geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid, with the course of the geodesic and the distance along it given in terms of one-dimensional integrals. Here, a numerical implementation of…
The dynamics of many of Antarctica's glaciers are modulated by a hydrological system at the base of the ice. Sedimentary basins beneath the ice bed contribute to the water budget in this hydrological system by discharging or taking up…
The spinel phase (wadsleyite, ringwoodite) in the mantle transition zone (MTZ), can contain up to 1-2 weight percent of water. However, whether these water reservoirs in the MTZ are filled is debated. Here, we investigate water dynamics in…
Ambient noise tomography relies on the assumption that the seismic wavefield is equipartitioned. In practice, ambient noise sources are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, producing biased estimates of the Green's function between…
Accurate flood modeling is crucial for effective analysis and forecasting. Full momentum hydrodynamic models often require extensive computational time, sometimes exceeding the forecast horizon. In contrast, low-complexity models, like…
Sedimentary basins beneath many Antarctic ice streams host substantial volumes of groundwater, which can be exchanged with a "shallow" subglacial hydrological system of till and channelised water. This exchange contributes substantially to…
Identifying systematic patterns in seismicity that precede large earthquakes remains a central challenge in statistical seismology. In this work, we present a methodological framework for detecting spatiotemporal anomalies in seismicity…
Reservoir simulations help the energy industry make better decisions by predicting how fluids like oil, gas, water, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide will flow underground. To keep these predictions accurate, engineers often need to update…
This study introduces Differentiable Graph Neural Network Simulators (Diff-GNS) as a physics-informed and automated framework for estimating post-liquefaction residual strengths ($S_r$). Traditional approaches to estimate $S_r$ rely on…
Time-lapse images carry out important information about dynamic changes in Earth's interior which can be inferred using different Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) schemes. The estimation process is performed by manipulating more than one…
Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution technique used in geophysics to evaluate the physical parameters and construct subsurface models in a noisy and limited data scenario. The ill-posed nature of the FWI turns this a…
Absolute gravimeters deliver drift-free, high-precision measurements but are typically bulky and difficult to deploy, whereas relative gravimeters are lightweight and mobile but intrinsically limited by time-dependent drift. We demonstrate…
The inclination angle of the undrained shear slip surface in saturated soils is analyzed based on mixture theory. First, starting from the property that the bulk strain of soil skeleton is equal to the flow ratio of water discharged from…
In coastal volcanic aquifers, the reliability of freshwater seawater-exchange simulations are governed by accuracy of the conceptual groundwater model (CGM). The traditional CGMs are constructed by qualitatively combining independent…
It was conjectured for a long time that the tectonic plates are in a self-organized state of criticality and that the Gutenberg-Richter law is a manifestation of that. It was recently shown that for a system near criticality, the inequality…
We introduce SeisDiff-denoNIA, a diffusion-based seismic denoising framework that trains directly on noise extracted from field data, eliminating the dependence on synthetic datasets. Unlike conventional denoising methods that require clean…
Machine learning (ML) catalogs contain many more earthquakes than routine catalogs, but their performance in phase picking and earthquake detection has not been fully evaluated. We develop station-level detection probabilities using…
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) enables rapid, non-destructive in situ measurements of soil elemental composition over large soil volumes. Standard INS yields bulk elemental concentrations, but spatially resolved measurements require…
Free-surface ghosts in marine seismic data are traditionally treated as artifacts that degrade bandwidth and temporal resolution and are mitigated through acquisition design or inverse filtering. This study proposes a processing-driven…