Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Finding upper limits on the rate of events from a proposed process in the presence of unknown backgrounds is an often encountered problem in the search for rare processes. Methods based on unusually large "gaps", or spacings, in the event…
A Round Robin study has been carried out to estimate the impact of the human element in small-angle scattering data analysis. Four corrected datasets were provided to participants ready for analysis. All datasets were measured on samples…
Extreme events are unusual and rare large-amplitude fluctuations that occur can unexpectedly in nonlinear dynamical systems. Events above the extreme event threshold of the probability distribution of a nonlinear process characterize…
Upcoming HEP experiments, e.g. at the HL-LHC, are expected to increase the volume of generated data by at least one order of magnitude. In order to retain the ability to analyze the influx of data, full exploitation of modern storage…
Insight into individual driving behavior and habits is essential in traffic operation, safety, and energy management. With Connected Vehicle (CV) technology aiming to address all three of these, the identification of driving patterns is a…
High energy physics experiments essentially rely on simulated data for physics analyses. However, running detailed simulation models requires a tremendous amount of computation resources. New approaches to speed up detector simulation are…
The advent of deep learning has yielded powerful tools to automatically compute gradients of computations. This is because training a neural network equates to iteratively updating its parameters using gradient descent to find the minimum…
In the European Center of Excellence in Exascale computing "Research on AI- and Simulation-Based Engineering at Exascale" (CoE RAISE), researchers develop novel, scalable AI technologies towards Exascale. This work exercises High…
Estimating the Shannon entropy of a discrete distribution from which we have only observed a small sample is challenging. Estimating other information-theoretic metrics, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two sparsely sampled…
The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is used to indicate the meteorological drought situation - a negative (or positive) value of SPI would imply a dry (or wet) condition in a region over a period. The climate system is an excellent…
Many dynamical systems, from quantum many-body systems to evolving populations to financial markets, are described by stochastic processes. Parameters characterizing such processes can often be inferred using information integrated over…
This paper presents a computationally feasible method to compute rigorous bounds on the interval-generalisation of regression analysis to account for epistemic uncertainty in the output variables. The new iterative method uses machine…
We demonstrate the applicability of using interpolated inverse discrete wavelet transforms as a general tool for modeling additive or multiplicative background or error signals in spectra. Additionally, we propose an unsupervised way of…
We provide details on the implementation of a machine-learning based particle flow algorithm for CMS. The standard particle flow algorithm reconstructs stable particles based on calorimeter clusters and tracks to provide a global event…
As the advancements in the field of artificial intelligence and nonlinear optics continues new methods can be used to better describe and determine nonlinear optical phenomena. In this research we aimed to analyze the diffraction patterns…
The Exa.TrkX project has applied geometric learning concepts such as metric learning and graph neural networks to HEP particle tracking. Exa.TrkX's tracking pipeline groups detector measurements to form track candidates and filters them.…
Deep learning is a rapidly-evolving technology with possibility to significantly improve physics reach of collider experiments. In this study we developed a novel algorithm of vertex finding for future lepton colliders such as the…
Periodic structures are often found in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology with many of them being used for metrological purposes either to calibrate instruments, or forming the basis of measuring devices such as encoders.…
Physico-chemical continuum battery models are typically parameterized by manual fits, relying on the individual expertise of researchers. In this article, we introduce a computer algorithm that directly utilizes the experience of battery…
The paper aims to demonstrate how the measurements of different species of cosmic ray flux can lead to a meaningful physical inference. We want to show when and how it is possible to path the way from measurement to physical inference and…