General Mathematics
This paper proposes a generalized ABC conjecture and assuming its validity settles a generalized version of Fermats last theorem.
Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ denote the set of all non-negative integers and $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ be its power set. An integer additive set-labeling (IASL) of a graph $G$ is an injective function $f:V(G)\to \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ such that…
The most general form of the notion of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy subset is considered, and generalization of fuzzy fated of $R_0$-algebras is discussed. The notion of an $(\epsilon , \epsilon \vee q_k)$-fuzzy fated…
For integers x and k, let T(x;2k) denote the number of twin prime pairs (p,p+2k) with a distance 2k<=2x**0.5 and p<=x (not p+2k<=x). Let Tg(x;2x**0.5) denote the average of T(x;2k) for all 2k<=2x**0.5. Logically, T(x;2k) should be a…
A proof that there is no $3 \times 3$ magic square constructed with nine distinct square numbers is given.
In this paper we introduce a new type of differential equations with piecewise constant argument (EPCAG), more general than EPCA. The Reduction Principle is proved for EPCAG. The structure of the set of solutions is specified. We establish…
We present a new formula for the Bernoulli numbers as the following integral $$B_{2m} =\frac{(-1)^{m-1}}{2^{2m+1}} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} (\frac{d^{m-1}}{dx^{m-1}} {sech}^2 x)^2dx. $$ This formula is motivated by the results of Fairlie…
We develop a calculus of variations for functionals which are defined on a set of non differentiable curves. We first extend the classical differential calculus in a quantum calculus, which allows us to define a complex operator, called the…
The purpose of this work is to explore the role that arbitrage opportunities play in pricing financial derivatives. We use a non-equilibrium model to set up a stochastic portfolio, and for the random arbitrage return, we choose a stationary…
Oscillating population model realistic situations in different contexts.We examine this situation with reasonable mathematical models and come to interesting conclusions,such as for example,that the population at most points of the cycle…
Based on the in-depth analysis of the nature and features of vague phenomenon, this paper focuses on establishing the axiomatical foundation of the membership degree theory for vague phenomenon, presents an axiomatic system of governing…
We investigate properties of an ordinal sum of uninorms introduced in [8] in the case that the summands are proper representable uninorms. We show sufficient and necessary conditions for a uninorm to be an ordinal sum of representable…
An "experimental" study on the randomness of the fractional digits of $\pi$, $e$ and $\phi$ irrational numbers are presented. This is done by exploiting the $1D$ Poisson-Voronoi tessellation. We employed two approaches and in both cases,…
A new class of fuzzy closed sets, namely fuzzy weakly closed set in a fuzzy topological space is introduced and it is established that this class of fuzzy closed sets lies between fuzzy closed sets and fuzzy generalized closed sets.…
Under the 3x+1 problem, classified the number into four kind by mod 4. The four kind number can form a cycle base on 3x+b1 problem. Base on this cycle, if the number of kind number is zero the 3x+1 will be proofed.
Very often traditional approaches studying dynamics of self-similarity processes are not able to give their quantitative characteristics at infinity and, as a consequence, use limits to overcome this difficulty. For example, it is well know…
The binary problem of Goldbach is solved by the method of the trigonometrical sums. The asymptotic formula of distribution of the even numbers formed by the sum of two simple uneven numbers is found for each even number from the set of…
Let $\mathbb{N}_0$ be the set of all non-negative integers and $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ be its the power set. An integer additive set-indexer (IASI) of a graph $G$ is an injective function $f:V(G)\to \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ such that…
A \textit{primitive hole} of a graph $G$ is a cycle of length $3$ in $G$. The number of primitive holes in a given graph $G$ is called the primitive hole number of that graph $G$. The primitive degree of a vertex $v$ of a given graph $G$ is…
In this paper, we study the differential geometry of null Cartan curves under the similarity transformations in the Minkowski space-time. Besides, we extend the fundamental theorem for a null Cartan curve according to a similarity motion.…