English

Zig-Zag Numberlink is NP-Complete

Computational Complexity 2014-10-23 v1

Abstract

When can tt terminal pairs in an m×nm \times n grid be connected by tt vertex-disjoint paths that cover all vertices of the grid? We prove that this problem is NP-complete. Our hardness result can be compared to two previous NP-hardness proofs: Lynch's 1975 proof without the ``cover all vertices'' constraint, and Kotsuma and Takenaga's 2010 proof when the paths are restricted to have the fewest possible corners within their homotopy class. The latter restriction is a common form of the famous Nikoli puzzle \emph{Numberlink}; our problem is another common form of Numberlink, sometimes called \emph{Zig-Zag Numberlink} and popularized by the smartphone app \emph{Flow Free}.

Cite

@article{arxiv.1410.5845,
  title  = {Zig-Zag Numberlink is NP-Complete},
  author = {Aaron Adcock and Erik D. Demaine and Martin L. Demaine and Michael P. O'Brien and Felix Reidl and Fernando Sánchez Villaamil and Blair D. Sullivan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.5845},
  year   = {2014}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-22T06:31:54.743Z