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Zero Time Waste: Recycling Predictions in Early Exit Neural Networks

Machine Learning 2021-12-07 v2

Abstract

The problem of reducing processing time of large deep learning models is a fundamental challenge in many real-world applications. Early exit methods strive towards this goal by attaching additional Internal Classifiers (ICs) to intermediate layers of a neural network. ICs can quickly return predictions for easy examples and, as a result, reduce the average inference time of the whole model. However, if a particular IC does not decide to return an answer early, its predictions are discarded, with its computations effectively being wasted. To solve this issue, we introduce Zero Time Waste (ZTW), a novel approach in which each IC reuses predictions returned by its predecessors by (1) adding direct connections between ICs and (2) combining previous outputs in an ensemble-like manner. We conduct extensive experiments across various datasets and architectures to demonstrate that ZTW achieves a significantly better accuracy vs. inference time trade-off than other recently proposed early exit methods.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2106.05409,
  title  = {Zero Time Waste: Recycling Predictions in Early Exit Neural Networks},
  author = {Maciej Wołczyk and Bartosz Wójcik and Klaudia Bałazy and Igor Podolak and Jacek Tabor and Marek Śmieja and Tomasz Trzciński},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.05409},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

Accepted at NeurIPS 2021