English

Wythoff-Fibonacci Sequences and a Perturbed Greedy Almost-involution

Combinatorics 2026-07-01 v1

Abstract

We introduce the lower and upper Wythoff-Fibonacci sequences, obtained from the classical Wythoff sequences by a Fibonacci correction. Specifically, if we put ϵ(j)={(1)k,if j=Fk for some k0,in other case,\epsilon(j)=\begin{cases}(-1)^k, & \text{if }j=F_k\text{ for some }k\\ 0, & \text{in other case}\end{cases}, where FkF_k is the kk-th Fibonacci number, then we define the general terms of the lower and upper Wythoff-Fibonacci sequences by LWF(n)={1,if n=1,3,if n=2,a(n)+ϵ(n),if n3.LWF(n)=\begin{cases} 1, & \text{if }n=1,\\ 3, & \text{if }n=2,\\ a(n)+\epsilon(n), & \text{if }n\geq 3.\end{cases} and UWF(n)={2,if n=1,b(n)+ϵ(n),if n2,UWF(n)=\begin{cases} 2, & \text{if }n=1,\\ b(n)+\epsilon(n), & \text{if }n\geq 2,\end{cases} respectively. We show that these sequences partition the set of natural numbers and use them to give an explicit formula for a sequence qjq^{\star}_j, defined from a greedy construction studied by the first author and his coauthors in a previous paper, but with the additional condition that q1=3q^{\star}_1=3, instead of being defined by the greedy rule. This sequence is a permutation of the set of non-negative integers and has the property that every integer appears exactly once in the sequence of differences qjjq^{\star}_j-j. We prove that qqj=j j5q^{\star}_{q^{\star}_j}=j\ \forall j\geq 5, so that qjq^{\star}_j is an almost-involution. We also give another greedy algorithm generating qjq^{\star}_j.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2607.00814,
  title  = {Wythoff-Fibonacci Sequences and a Perturbed Greedy Almost-involution},
  author = {Luis Martínez and Iker Malaina},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2607.00814},
  year   = {2026}
}