English

Work as an external quantum observable and an operational quantum work fluctuation theorem

Quantum Physics 2020-10-07 v2

Abstract

We propose a definition of externally measurable quantum work in driven systems. Work is given as a quantum observable on a control device which is forcing the system and can be determined without knowledge of the system Hamiltonian HSH_\mathcal{S}. We argue that quantum work fluctuation theorems which rely on the knowledge of HSH_\mathcal{S} are of little practical relevance, contrary to their classical counterparts. Using our framework, we derive a fluctuation theorem which is operationally accessible and could in principle be implemented in experiments to determine bounds on free energy differences of unknown systems.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2003.06437,
  title  = {Work as an external quantum observable and an operational quantum work fluctuation theorem},
  author = {Konstantin Beyer and Kimmo Luoma and Walter T. Strunz},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.06437},
  year   = {2020}
}
R2 v1 2026-06-23T14:14:20.476Z