Who invented deep residual learning?
Machine Learning
2025-09-30 v1 Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Abstract
Modern AI is based on deep artificial neural networks (NNs). As of 2025, the most cited scientific article of the 21st century is an NN paper on deep residual learning with residual connections. Who invented this? We present a timeline of the evolution of deep residual learning.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2509.24732,
title = {Who invented deep residual learning?},
author = {Juergen Schmidhuber},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.24732},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
12 pages, 2 illustrations, circa 100 partially annotated references