Where are the missing cosmic metals ?
Abstract
The majority of the heavy elements produced by stars 2 billion years after the Big Bang (redshift z~3) are presently undetected at those epochs. We propose a solution to this cosmic `missing metals' problem in which such elements are stored in gaseous halos produced by supernova explosions around star-forming galaxies. By using data from the ESO/VLT Large Program, we find that:(i) only 5%-9% of the produced metals reside in the cold phase, the rest being found in the hot (log T=5.8-6.4) phase; (ii) 1%-6% (3%-30%) of the observed CIV (OVI) is in the hot phase. We conclude that at z~3 more than 90% of the metals produced during the star forming history can be placed in a hot phase of the IGM, without violating any observational constraint. The observed galaxy mass-metallicity relation, and the intergalactic medium and intracluster medium metallicity evolution are also naturally explained by this hypothesis.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.astro-ph/0510525,
title = {Where are the missing cosmic metals ?},
author = {A. Ferrara and E. Scannapieco and J. Bergeron},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:astro-ph/0510525},
year = {2009}
}
Comments
9 pages, 2 figures, ApJ Letters, in press