When Quantization Is Free: An int4 KV Cache That Outruns fp16 on Apple Silicon
Abstract
KV-cache quantization is framed as a quality--latency trade-off. We show it is \emph{inverted} on Apple Silicon's unified memory: a single fused Metal kernel (sign-randomized FFT per-channel per-group abs-max int4 nibble pack), exposed as a HuggingFace \texttt{Cache} subclass, runs \emph{faster than fp16} across ---token prefixes on Gemma-3 1B ( to ms/tok) and at short context on Qwen2.5-1.5B ( to through K), with persistent memory compression and quality preserved ( Qwen short-prompt; hook Gemma). The kernel's \,ns/vec overhead is below the bandwidth savings from compression. The fused kernel also closes Qwen's 4-bit per-token catastrophe (, reduction) at \,GFLOPS / . Supporting findings: and are statistically indistinguishable for KV quality (we pick for mixed-radix and matrix-multiply alignment); a learned-rotation ablation surfaces a regularization role for the fixed random SRFT base (learning without SRFT lowers calibration MSE vs but yields worse PPL); Householder rotations at reflectors are effectively lossless at .
Cite
@article{arxiv.2605.05699,
title = {When Quantization Is Free: An int4 KV Cache That Outruns fp16 on Apple Silicon},
author = {Mohamed Amine Bergach},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.05699},
year = {2026}
}