When Oracle Conditioning Misleads Deployment: Conditioning-Availability Bias in Echocardiographic Segmentation
Abstract
Conditional segmentation models may be trained and evaluated with auxiliary signals cleaner than those available at deployment. We study this protocol-level manifestation of shortcut learning and auxiliary-variable shift in phase-conditioned echocardiographic segmentation. The complementary gap pair measures loss on the deployable oracle-estimated pathway and probes sensitivity on the oracle-random pathway. On held-out CAMUS data, one strong-cyclic, oracle-selected run fails severely with estimated phase, while sensitivity to incorrect phase persists across three runs. On EchoNet-Dynamic, the current estimator remains usable, but random-phase testing reveals strong latent sensitivity. Deployment-aware checkpoint selection and phase perturbation reduce both gaps with little change in mean Dice. Exploratory subgroup analyses quantify variation across measured strata, and a downstream ejection fraction (EF) audit shows that recovering segmentation does not necessarily recover EF error or signed bias. Together, the gaps test whether oracle-conditioned performance survives the inference pathway actually available at deployment.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2608.03342,
title = {When Oracle Conditioning Misleads Deployment: Conditioning-Availability Bias in Echocardiographic Segmentation},
author = {Dang P. M. Cao and Hieu D. Pham and Hieu Pham},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.03342},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
Accepted for publication in the MICCAI 2026 Workshop on Fairness of AI in Medical Imaging (FAIMI 2026). To appear in Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)