English

Watershed of Artificial Intelligence: Human Intelligence, Machine Intelligence, and Biological Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence 2021-05-11 v2

Abstract

This article reviews the "Once learning" mechanism that was proposed 23 years ago and the subsequent successes of "One-shot learning" in image classification and "You Only Look Once - YOLO" in objective detection. Analyzing the current development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the proposal is that AI should be clearly divided into the following categories: Artificial Human Intelligence (AHI), Artificial Machine Intelligence (AMI), and Artificial Biological Intelligence (ABI), which will also be the main directions of theory and application development for AI. As a watershed for the branches of AI, some classification standards and methods are discussed: 1) Human-oriented, machine-oriented, and biological-oriented AI R&D; 2) Information input processed by Dimensionality-up or Dimensionality-reduction; 3) The use of one/few or large samples for knowledge learning.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2104.13155,
  title  = {Watershed of Artificial Intelligence: Human Intelligence, Machine Intelligence, and Biological Intelligence},
  author = {Li Weigang and Liriam Enamoto and Denise Leyi Li and Geraldo Pereira Rocha Filho},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.13155},
  year   = {2021}
}

Comments

This article reviews the Once Learning mechanism and divides Artificial Intelligence into three categories: Artificial Human Intelligence (AHI), Artificial Machine Intelligence (AMI), and Artificial Biological Intelligence (ABI). The paper is with 16 pages and 3 tables

R2 v1 2026-06-24T01:33:38.318Z