Type-II superconductors exhibit hysteretic behavior due to the presence of quantum vortices, and the order in which temperature and external field are varied plays a decisive role. Here we take current, rather than magnetic field, as the external drive. We image the magnetic field of a high-Tc cuprate superconductor strip after cooling. We confirm that even in zero magnetic field, current-biased cooling nucleates vortices within the strip. With a small external magnetic field, the distribution is polarized opposite to the Lorentz-force direction. These behaviors follow from the self-consistent relation between current and local field in steady flux flow. Our findings show that current history is encoded as vortices. This reveals self-field effects that influence dc measurements and glassy transitions under drive.
@article{arxiv.2511.19896,
title = {Visualization of Current-Driven Vortex Formation in High-$T_c$ Cuprate Superconductors},
author = {Shunsuke Nishimura and Takeyuki Tsuji and Takayuki Iwasaki and Mutsuko Hatano and Kento Sasaki and Kensuke Kobayashi},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.19896},
year = {2025}
}