Various generalizations and deformations of $PSL(2,\mathbb{R})$ surface group representations and their Higgs bundles

Recall that the group $PSL(2,\mathbb R)$ is isomorphic to $PSp(2,\mathbb R),\ SO_0(1,2)$ and $PU(1,1).$ The goal of this paper is to examine the various ways in which Fuchsian representations of the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus $g$ into $PSL(2,\mathbb R)$ and their associated Higgs bundles generalize to the higher rank groups $PSL(n,\mathbb R),\ PSp(2n,\mathbb R),\ SO_0(2,n),\ SO_0(n,n+1)$ and $PU(n,n)$. For the $SO_0(n,n+1)$-character variety, we parameterize $n(2g-2)$ new connected components as the total space of vector bundles over appropriate symmetric powers of the surface and study how these components deform in the $SO_0(n,n+2)$-character variety. This generalizes results of Hitchin for $PSL(2,\mathbb R)$.