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Variational Phasor Circuits for Phase-Native Brain-Computer Interface Classification

Machine Learning 2026-03-20 v1

Abstract

We present the \textbf{Variational Phasor Circuit (VPC)}, a deterministic classical learning architecture operating on the continuous S1S^1 unit circle manifold. Inspired by variational quantum circuits, VPC replaces dense real-valued weight matrices with trainable phase shifts, local unitary mixing, and structured interference in the ambient complex space. This phase-native design provides a unified method for both binary and multi-class classification of spatially distributed signals. A single VPC block supports compact phase-based decision boundaries, while stacked VPC compositions extend the model to deeper circuits through inter-block pull-back normalization. Using synthetic brain-computer interface benchmarks, we show that VPC can decode difficult mental-state classification tasks with competitive accuracy and substantially fewer trainable parameters than standard Euclidean baselines. These results position unit-circle phase interference as a practical and mathematically principled alternative to dense neural computation, and motivate VPC as both a standalone classifier and a front-end encoding layer for future hybrid phasor-quantum systems.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2603.18078,
  title  = {Variational Phasor Circuits for Phase-Native Brain-Computer Interface Classification},
  author = {Dibakar Sigdel},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.18078},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:26:49.884Z