Van der Waals Anomaly
Abstract
In inhomogeneous dielectric media the divergence of the electromagnetic stress is related to the gradients of \varepsilon and \mu, which is a consequence of Maxwell's equations. Investigating spherically symmetric media we show that this seemingly universal relationship is violated for electromagnetic vacuum forces such as the generalized van der Waals and Casimir forces. The stress needs to acquire an additional anomalous pressure. The anomaly is a result of renormalization, the need to subtract infinities in the stress for getting a finite, physical force. The anomalous pressure appears in the stress in media like dark energy appears in the energy-momentum tensor in general relativity. We propose and analyse an experiment to probe the van der Waals anomaly with ultracold atoms. The experiment may not only test an unusual phenomenon of quantum forces, but also an analogue of dark energy, shedding light where nothing is known empirically.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2109.08092,
title = {Van der Waals Anomaly},
author = {Itai Y. Efrat and Ulf Leonhardt},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.08092},
year = {2021}
}