English

Upper and lower limits on the number of bound states in a central potential

Mathematical Physics 2009-11-10 v1 math.MP Spectral Theory Quantum Physics

Abstract

In a recent paper new upper and lower limits were given, in the context of the Schr\"{o}dinger or Klein-Gordon equations, for the number N0N_{0} of S-wave bound states possessed by a monotonically nondecreasing central potential vanishing at infinity. In this paper these results are extended to the number NN_{\ell} of bound states for the \ell-th partial wave, and results are also obtained for potentials that are not monotonic and even somewhere positive. New results are also obtained for the case treated previously, including the remarkably neat \textit{lower} limit N{{[σ/(2+1)+1]/2}}N_{\ell}\geq \{\{[\sigma /(2\ell+1)+1]/2\}\} with % \sigma =(2/\pi) \underset{0\leq r<\infty}{\max}[r| V(r)| ^{1/2}] (valid in the Schr\"{o}dinger case, for a class of potentials that includes the monotonically nondecreasing ones), entailing the following \textit{lower} limit for the total number NN of bound states possessed by a monotonically nondecreasing central potential vanishing at infinity: N\geq \{\{(\sigma+1)/2\}\} {(\sigma+3)/2\} \}/2 (here the double braces denote of course the integer part).

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.math-ph/0401020,
  title  = {Upper and lower limits on the number of bound states in a central potential},
  author = {Fabian Brau and Francesco Calogero},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:math-ph/0401020},
  year   = {2009}
}

Comments

44 pages, 5 figures