Unveiling new physics with discoveries at Intensity Frontier

The idea of feebly interacting particles (FIPs) has emerged as an important approach to address challenges beyond the Standard Model. The next generation of Intensity Frontier experiments is set to explore these particles in greater depth. While many experiments may detect FIP signals in unexplored regions of masses and couplings, interpretation of the properties of particles behind these signals is typically neglected. In this paper, we present a novel framework designed to systematically determine the models behind a potential signal. Our approach allows us to assess the scientific reach of experiments beyond the concept of sensitivity to the smallest coupling constant leading to a detectable signal. We clarify the potential impact such signals could have on particle physics models. This paper is complemented by a Python package for the presented framework, available at omikulen/modeltesting.