English

Unusual Circumstances of the 2024 June 8 GLE

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 2026-02-16 v1

Abstract

Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events is indicative of protons accelerated to GeV energies. Almost all GLE events are associated with sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun because the latter require >300 MeV protons that are readily present during GLEs. Here we report on the 2024 June 8 GLE event, which has the distinction of not being associated with an SGRE event. All the associated phenomena typical of SGRE events were present: a fast and wide CME, a major solar flare, and an intense type II radio bursts that extend from the metric to kilometric wavelength domains. There was a data gap of ~51 min, but the SGRE is expected to last for hours. We suggest the east-west asymmetry in the flow of energetic particles from the shock is likely to be the reason for the lack of SGRE emission.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2602.12507,
  title  = {Unusual Circumstances of the 2024 June 8 GLE},
  author = {Nat Gopalswamy and Pertti Makela and Hong Xie and Sachiko Akiyama and Seiji Yashiro and Atul Mohan},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.12507},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

4 pages; 9 figures; URSI GASS 2026