Unsupervised learning with GLRM feature selection reveals novel traumatic brain injury phenotypes

Baseline injury categorization is important to traumatic brain injury (TBI) research and treatment. Current categorization is dominated by symptom-based scores that insufficiently capture injury heterogeneity. In this work, we apply unsupervised clustering to identify novel TBI phenotypes. Our approach uses a generalized low-rank model (GLRM) model for feature selection in a procedure analogous to wrapper methods. The resulting clusters reveal four novel TBI phenotypes with distinct feature profiles and that correlate to 90-day functional and cognitive status.