We uncover a universal two-stage dynamics during skyrmion formation and establish its connection to equilibrium phases through the introduction of a chiral correlation χ. Stage I involves stripe coarsening governed by the exchange-to-DMI ratio J′, while stage II entails stripe contraction driven by the synergy between J′ and the anisotropy-to-DMI ratio K′. The magnetic field-to-DMI ratio B′ influences both stages. By combining symbolic regression with neural networks, we model the competition and cooperation among these parameters and derive a skyrmion formation criterion, 0.58K′J′+μB′J′>1. Our model disentangles their distinct roles: J′ sets the stripe width, K′ primarily controls the skyrmion size, and B′ strongly affects the topological charge. This approach provides a general framework for predicting and controlling magnetic phases in chiral magnets.
Cite
@article{arxiv.2511.06777,
title = {Universal two-stage dynamics and phase control in skyrmion formation},
author = {Shiwei Zhu and Xinyuan Guan and Zhen Sun and Qiuyao Zhang and Changsheng Song},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.06777},
year = {2025}
}