English

Universal Fibonacci sequences and UFS-groupoids

Group Theory 2026-05-07 v2 Combinatorics Rings and Algebras

Abstract

In a binary groupoid (G,)(G, *), a Fibonacci sequence is a recurrent sequence defined by f1=a,f2=b,,fn=fn2fn1f_1 = a, f_2 = b, \ldots, f_n = f_{n - 2} * f_{n - 1}. A universal Fibonacci sequence (UFS) is a singly or doubly infinite sequence whose set of suffixes coincides precisely with the set of all Fibonacci sequences in the groupoid. This paper studies UFS-groupoids, i.e., groupoids that admit a universal Fibonacci sequence. It is shown that every nontrivial UFS-groupoid is at most countable, locally cyclic, and non-power-associative; that the right cancellation property and the right quasigroup property hold for all pairs of elements except possibly one and two, respectively; that no neutral element or zero element exists; and that there is at most one idempotent element. It is proved that any UFS-groupoid whose universal Fibonacci sequence is not doubly infinite strictly preperiodic is cyclic. It has also been proved that the class of UFS-groupoids is closed under taking subgroupoids and homomorphic images, but is not closed under finite direct products. The structure of subgroupoids of UFS-groupoids is described. A complete classification of UFS-groupoids is given in terms of the cardinality of GG and the periodicity of the universal Fibonacci sequences. Finite UFS-groupoids are described combinatorially via de Bruijn sequences. The number of distinct UFS-groupoids on a finite set is determined, and explicit constructions are provided for both finite and infinite cases across all periodicity classes, including embeddings of UFS-groupoids as subgroupoids into other UFS-groupoids and infinitely generated UFS-groupoids.

Cite

@article{arxiv.2604.05754,
  title  = {Universal Fibonacci sequences and UFS-groupoids},
  author = {Petr Klimov},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.05754},
  year   = {2026}
}

Comments

50 pages

R2 v1 2026-07-01T11:57:13.679Z