English

Universal Cycles on Affine Lines

Combinatorics 2026-05-20 v1 Dynamical Systems

Abstract

A universal cycle is a cyclic sequence in which each object of a combinatorial family appears exactly once as a contiguous window. While such cycles are well understood for many discrete structures and linear subspaces, the case of affine lines presents additional difficulties arising from parallelism. We prove that universal cycles exist for affine lines in AG(n,q)\mathrm{AG}(n,q) for all n2n \ge 2 and all prime powers qq. Our construction embeds the problem into PG(n,q)\mathrm{PG}(n,q), using points at infinity to encode directions, and proceeds via a decomposition into pairwise and triple configurations combined with a recursive lifting and gluing argument. We further interpret the construction in the Grassmannian Gq(2,n+1)G_q(2,n+1), where affine lines correspond to the outer shell of 22-subspaces, thereby extending known constructions for Grassmannians. A Python implementation is provided as supplementary material.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.19277,
  title  = {Universal Cycles on Affine Lines},
  author = {Ming-Hsuan Kang and Shin-Hsun Chou},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.19277},
  year   = {2026}
}