Universal composition operators

A Hilbert space operator $U$ is called universal (in the sense of Rota) if every Hilbert space operator is similar to a multiple of $U$ restricted to one of its invariant subspaces. It follows that the Invariant Subspace Problem for Hilbert spaces is equivalent to the statement that all minimal invariant subspaces for $U$ are one dimensional. In this article we characterize all linear fractional composition operators $C_{\phi} f=f\circ\phi$ that have universal translates on both the classical Hardy spaces $H^2(\mathbb{C}_+)$ and $H^2(\mathbb{D})$ of the half-plane and the unit disk respectively. The surprising new example is the composition operator on $H^2(\mathbb{D})$ with affine symbol $\phi_a(z)=az+(1-a)$ for $0<a<1$. This leads to strong characterizations of minimal invariant subspaces and eigenvectors of $C_{\phi_a}$ and offers an alternative approach to the ISP.