English

Unitary reformulation of the thermofield double state and limits of cyclic multi-mode squeezing

Quantum Physics 2025-07-31 v2 High Energy Physics - Theory

Abstract

We investigate the structure and uniqueness of squeezed vacuum states defined by annihilation conditions of the form (aαa)ψ=0(a - \alpha a^\dagger)|\psi\rangle = 0 and their multimode generalizations, with applications to the Thermofield Double (TFD) state in quantum field theory. For N=1N=1 and N=2N=2, we demonstrate that these conditions uniquely define the single- and two-mode squeezed vacua, generated by unitary squeezing operators. A key result is the unitary reformulation of the TFD state, expressed as a product of two-mode squeezing operators, ensuring invertibility and resolving the non-unitary paradox in the Minkowski--Rindler vacuum correspondence. Extending to cyclic annihilation conditions (aiαiai+1)ψ=0(a_i - \alpha_i a_{i+1}^\dagger)|\psi\rangle = 0 with aN+1a1a_{N+1} \equiv a_1, we find that non-trivial squeezed states exist only for N=2N=2. For N>2N > 2, we establish a no-go theorem, proving no normalizable, non-trivial solutions exist, revealing a fundamental limit on cyclic multi-mode entanglement. These results highlight the bipartite nature of TFD-like entanglement and constrain multipartite generalizations in multi-region quantum field theories.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2505.09654,
  title  = {Unitary reformulation of the thermofield double state and limits of cyclic multi-mode squeezing},
  author = {Arash Azizi},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.09654},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

V1:14 pages V2: restructure the paper