Unique Gravitational-Wave Signals from Negative-Mass Binaries

Negative masses have long been explored, but their observational viability remains unclear. In this work, we develop a unified, observationally testable framework to constrain negative masses using both coupling level and dynamical probes. We establish that while dipole radiation bounds require universality of gravitational charge, the intrinsic dynamics of negative mass binaries generically lead to anomalous behaviors such as anti-chirps, dispersal and runaway motion. These signatures are absent in current gravitational wave observations, providing a robust exclusion channel independent of modified gravity assumptions.