We study the interaction of a two-level atom with a single-mode nonlinear electromagnetic resonator, considering coupling strengths ranging from zero to the so-called deep strong coupling regime. When the qubit-resonator coupling is very strong, the standard Kerr model for the resonator becomes questionable. Moreover, recently, it has been shown that extra care is needed when constructing gauge-independent theories in the presence of approximations as the truncation of the Hilbert space of the matter system. Such a truncation can ruin gauge invariance leading to non-physical results, especially when the light-matter interactions strength is very high. Here we face and solve this issues to provide a consistent nonlinear-resonator quantum Rabi model satisfying the gauge principle.
@article{arxiv.2111.13442,
title = {Ultrastrong Coupling of a Qubit with a Nonlinear Optical Resonator},
author = {Fabio Mauceri and Alberto Mercurio and Salvatore Savasta and Omar Di Stefano},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.13442},
year = {2022}
}