Transition metal dichalcogenides are known to possess large optical nonlinearities and driving these materials at high intensities is desirable for many applications. Understanding their optical responses under repetitive intense excitation is essential to improve the performance limit of these strong-field devices and to achieve efficient laser patterning. Here, we report the incubation study of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 induced by 160 fs, 800 nm pulses in air to examine how their ablation threshold scales with the number of admitted laser pulses. Both materials were shown to outperform graphene and most bulk materials; specifically, MoS2 is as resistant to radiation degradation as the best of the bulk thin films with a record fast saturation. Our modeling provides convincing evidence that the small reduction in threshold and fast saturation of MoS2 originates in its excellent bonding integrity against radiation-induced softening. Sub-ablation damages, in the forms of vacancies, lattice disorder, and nano-voids, were revealed by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, Raman, and second harmonic generation studies, which were attributed to the observed incubation. For the first time, a sub-ablation damage threshold is identified for monolayer MoS2 to be 78% of single-shot ablation threshold, below which MoS2 remains intact for many laser pulses. Our results firmly establish MoS2 as a robust material for strong-field devices and for high-throughput laser patterning.
@article{arxiv.2112.10743,
title = {Ultrafast Multi-Shot Ablation and Defect Generation in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides},
author = {Joel M. Solomon and Sabeeh Irfan Ahmad and Arpit Dave and Li-Syuan Lu and Yu-Chen Wu and Wen-Hao Chang and Chih-Wei Luo and Tsing-Hua Her},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.10743},
year = {2022}
}