By combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy we reveal the structural and electronic properties of multilayer graphene on Ru(0001). We prove that large ethylene exposure allows to synthesize two distinct phases of bilayer graphene with different properties. The first phase has Bernal AB stacking with respect to the first graphene layer, displays weak vertical interaction and electron doping. The long-range ordered moir\'e pattern modulates the crystal potential and induces replicas of the Dirac cone and minigaps. The second phase has AA stacking sequence with respect to the first layer, displays weak structural and electronic modulation and p-doping. The linearly dispersing Dirac state reveals the nearly-freestanding character of this novel second layer phase.
@article{arxiv.1301.1610,
title = {Two Distinct Phases of Bilayer Graphene Films on Ru(0001)},
author = {Marco Papagno and Daniela Pacilé and Dinesh Topwal and Paolo Moras and Polina Makarovna Sheverdyaeva and Fabian Donat Natterer and Anne Lehnert and Stefano Rusponi and Quentin Dubout and Fabian Calleja and Emmanouil Frantzeskakis and Stéphane Pons and Jun Fujii and Ivana Vobornik and Marco Grioni and Carlo Carbone and Harald Brune},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.1610},
year = {2013}
}