An efficient and data-driven encoding scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of variational quantum classifiers. This encoding is specially designed for complex datasets like images and seeks to help the classification task by producing input states that form well-separated clusters in the Hilbert space according to their classification labels. The encoding circuit is trained using a triplet loss function inspired by classical facial recognition algorithms, and class separability is measured via average trace distances between the encoded density matrices. Benchmark tests performed on various binary classification tasks on MNIST and MedMNIST datasets demonstrate considerable improvement over amplitude encoding with the same VQC structure while requiring a much lower circuit depth.
@article{arxiv.2509.15705,
title = {Triplet Loss Based Quantum Encoding for Class Separability},
author = {Marco Mordacci and Mahul Pandey and Paolo Santini and Michele Amoretti},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.15705},
year = {2025}
}