We present predictions for the high-redshift halo-galaxy-supermassive black hole (SMBH) connection from the TRINITY model. Constrained by a comprehensive compilation of galaxy (0≤z≤10) and SMBH datasets (0≤z≤6.5), TRINITY finds: 1) The number of SMBHs with M∙>109M⊙ in the observable Universe increases by six orders of magnitude from z∼10 to z∼2, and by another factor of ∼3 from z∼2 to z=0; 2) The M∙>109/1010M⊙ SMBHs at z∼6 live in haloes with ∼(2−3)/(3−5)×1012M⊙; 3) the new JWST AGNs at 7≲z≲11 are broadly consistent with the median SMBH mass-galaxy mass relation for AGNs from TRINITY; 4) Seeds from runaway mergers in nuclear star clusters are viable progenitors for the SMBHs in GN-z11 (z=10.6) and CEERS_1019 (z=8.7); 5) z=6−10 quasar luminosity functions from wide area surveys by, e.g., Roman and Euclid, will reduce uncertainties in the z=6−10 SMBH mass-galaxy mass relation by up to ∼0.5 dex.
@article{arxiv.2309.07210,
title = {TRINITY IV: Predictions for Supermassive Black Holes at $z \gtrsim 7$},
author = {Haowen Zhang and Peter Behroozi and Marta Volonteri and Joseph Silk and Xiaohui Fan and James Aird and Jinyi Yang and Feige Wang and Philip F. Hopkins},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.07210},
year = {2023}
}
Comments
15 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS. Questions and comments are welcome!